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Cell Division

Cell Division. Mitosis and Meiosis. The Cell Cycle. Mitosis. Interphase. Cell Growth. Prior to mitosis, the cell is in Interphase Interphase is a time where The cell grows Organelles replicate DNA is copied Most of a cells life is spent in interphase. Mitosis.

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Cell Division

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  1. Cell Division Mitosis and Meiosis

  2. The Cell Cycle Mitosis Interphase

  3. Cell Growth • Prior to mitosis, the cell is in Interphase • Interphase is a time where • The cell grows • Organelles replicate • DNA is copied • Most of a cells life is spent in interphase

  4. Mitosis • Occurs in body cells (somatic cells) • Results in 2 daughter cells identical to the parent cell • 4 phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

  5. Prophase • Stage 1 of Mitosis • DNA winds up to form chromosomes • Nuclear membrane (membrane around the nucleus) disappears

  6. Metaphase • Stage 2 of Mitosis • Chromosomes line up at equator (center) of the cell

  7. Anaphase • Stage 3 of Mitosis • Chromosomes split - each half is pulled to opposite sides of the cell

  8. Telophase • Stage 4 of Mitosis • Nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes unwind to form strands of DNA

  9. Cytokinesis • After mitosis occurs, the cells must split - this process is called cytokinesis • There are two methods - one for cells without a cell wall, like animal cells, and one for cells with a cell wall, like plant cells

  10. Cytokinesis - No Cell Wall • The membrane starts to pinch inward, between the two nuclei • It will continue to pinch, until the cell splits into two new cells

  11. Cytokinesis - Cell Wall • Cell forms a cell plate between the two nuclei • This cell plate provides foundation for new cell wall • Membranes form inside cell walls, and end up with two daughter cells

  12. Meiosis - Formation of Sex Cells • Occurs in sex cells (eggs and sperm) • Results in 4 daughter cells • Each with HALF the DNA of the parent cell • All are different from one another AND parent • Split into two Stages, each with 4 phases

  13. Prophase I • DNA winds up into chromosomes • Nuclear membrane disappears

  14. Metaphase I • Chromosomes line up at equator • Line up next to homogolous chromosome (e.g. chromosome 1 from dad lines up next to chromosome 1 from mom)

  15. Anaphase I • One chromosome from each pair is pulled to opposite sides of the cell

  16. Telophase I & Cytokinesis • Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes • Chromosomes may unwind • Cells split

  17. Prophase II • Nuclear membrane disappears • Chromosomes wind up

  18. Metaphase II • Chromosomes line up at equator

  19. Anaphase II • Chromosomes split, each half pulled to opposite sides of the cell

  20. Telophase II & Cytokinesis • Nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes • Chromosomes unwind • Cells split

  21. Compare Mitosis/Meiosis Mitosis Meiosis 4 cells formed Daughter cells have 1/2 DNA of the parent cell All 4 are different Occurs in sex cells 8 phases/2 stages 2 cells formed Daughter cells identical to parent cell Occurs in body cells 4 phases Both Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cells divide

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