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Chapter 7. EDUCATION. *Mainly Private *South & Mid Atlantic - Mainly Religious *New England to New York Aristocratic Secular *MALES ONLY!!!!!.
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EDUCATION *Mainly Private *South & Mid Atlantic - Mainly Religious *New England to New York Aristocratic Secular *MALES ONLY!!!!!
Since America needs enlightened citizens, leading D-R feel a system of nationwide public schools are necessary-all males receive free education States not convinced
HIGHER EDUCATION *Colleges - 22 by 1800 *Begin to expand curriculum *Law schools begin *U of Penn – Medical school Benjamin Rush
Rising American Culture By turn of the century there is an American culture developing
American writers begin to break away from European influences and find a unique style.
WRITERS Washington Irving
Mercy Otis Warren
Joel Barlow Hartford Wits
2nd Great Awakening Causes *Deism *Unitarianism *Churches lose power after Revolutionary War
*Methodists come to America 1770’s – Francis Asbury *Baptist Church *Outdoor “Camp Meetings”
Big debate – Predestination Methodists, Baptists and Presbyterians reject it much more American – individual freedom
Basic Message *Readmit God into daily life *Embrace Piety *Reject Skeptical Rationalism
BIG SUPPORTERS *Woman *Native Americans *Blacks
Industrial Revolution begins in England Machines run by water & wind until steam engine perfected Allows factories to be anywhere
1st industry – textiles Technology brought over from England
Starts in textile industry Samuel Slater bring knowledge of British equipment Helps set up first textile mill-hires entire families Rhode Island System
Eli Whitney *Cotton Gin *Interchangeable parts
How to get the goods to market? Domestic-turnpike steamship Foreign-merchant marine fleet
Thomas Jefferson TJeffy Jeff Daddy
Jefferson personally: • Politician • Diplomat • Farmer • Architect • Inventor • Philosopher • Collected books and dinosaur bones
Jefferson politically: • Strict constitutionalist • Small government • States rights
Presidential Actions *Abolishes all internal taxes *Cuts government spending *Reduces debt $83 to $45m *Cuts Army 4000 to 2500 *Cuts Navy 25 to 7 ships
Chief Justice John Marshall 1801-1835
Served on Washington’s staff Saw how states refused GW’s requests for supplies Feels states too powerful
First Great Case of the Supreme Court *Chief Justice John Marshall *MARBURY v. MADISON Judicial Review
T JEFF STRIKES BACK *Gets Congress to try to Impeach Samuel Chase *Can you be impeached for political reasons?
France gets title of Louisiana from Spain in secret treaty Spain won’t allow US ships to unload in New Orleans
*Robert Livingston *Monroe joins him *Goal: buy New Orleans *Get Louisiana - $15 million
Jefferson is strict constitutionalist, how can he justify this move? Good of country will counter ill effects of loose construction
Aaron Burr
*Essex Junto: New England Federalists who feel only way to keep power is to leave Union Need New York – need a New York political power
Ask Hamilton, turns the down Look to Burr Hamilton accuses Burr of treason
*Burr plots with Governor of Louisiana to capture part of Mexico from Spain *Governor Wilkinson squeals to the authorities Burr did it!!!
*arrested for treason *tried in Circuit Court *Justice Marshall *limits evidence *sets strict definition
ROAD TO WAR
POLITICS OF FOREIGN POLICY Federalists: pro-England D-R: pro-France
ENGLAND Must stop in England
England stopping American ships and taking sailors off Said they were deserters IMPRESSMENT
EMBARGO ACT –1807 Prohibits US ships from any foreign ports