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Effects of Vigor on Psychological Well-Being

Effects of Vigor on Psychological Well-Being. Ekaterina Solovieva York University Toronto, Canada. Co-authors. I would like to gratefully acknowledge my co-authors: Esther Greenglass Lynda Cheng Noelia Vasquez Thanks to Lisa Fiksenbaum for statistical assistance. Introduction.

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Effects of Vigor on Psychological Well-Being

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  1. Effects of Vigor on Psychological Well-Being Ekaterina Solovieva York University Toronto, Canada

  2. Co-authors I would like to gratefully acknowledge my co-authors: • Esther Greenglass • Lynda Cheng • Noelia Vasquez Thanks to Lisa Fiksenbaum for statistical assistance.

  3. Introduction • Well-established relationship between social support and psychological well-being outcomes • Positively related to life satisfaction • Negatively related to loneliness, anxiety and depression (e.g., Tao, Dong, Pratt, Hunsberger, & Pancer, 2000)

  4. Conceptually separated in the past Importance of drawing on others’ resources for coping Relational skills as coping strengths Coping & Social Support

  5. planning and preventive strategies identification and utilization of social resources utilization of proactive emotional coping Proactive Coping (Greenglass, Schwarzer, & Taubert, 1999)

  6. Resources: Internal Self-Efficacy Optimism Resources: External Social Support Theoretical Model: Resources, Proactive Coping & Outcomes Outcomes:Positive Vigor Life Satisfaction Proactive Coping Outcomes: Negative Depression Burnout Anger

  7. Current Research • Transition to university – great research opportunity • Function of proactive coping and vigor in psychological well-being, especially negative outcomes (such as depression)?

  8. Purpose of Current Study • To investigate the effects of social support, coping and vigor on psychological well-being in university students as reflected in the depression levels

  9. Social Support • Focused on informational support • Measured using a 6-item questionnaire (Caplan et al., 1975)

  10. Social Support (cont’d) • Sample item: “How much can people be relied on to provide you with assistance with your academic work when you need it most?” • 4-point scale from (1) Not at all to (4) Very much • Alpha in this study = .91

  11. Proactive Coping • Strategies to build up general resources that facilitate the achievement of challenging goals (Greenglass et al., 1999) • 14 items • Sample item: • “When I experience a problem, I take the initiative in resolving it”

  12. Proactive Coping (cont’d) • 4-point scale from (1) Not at all true to (4) Completely true • Alpha in this study = .82

  13. Vigor • … characterized by high levels of energy, mental resilience, stamina, and persistence when problems arise. A person with high degree of vigor is lively, active, energetic, cheerful and alert. (Greenglass, 2006)

  14. Vigor (cont’d) • Measured using 6-item vigor-activity subscale of The Profile of Mood States (POMS; McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 1971). • Sample item: “How much have you been feeling energetic during the past week, including today?”

  15. Vigor (cont’d) • 5-point scale from (1) Not at all to (5) Extremely • Alpha in this study = .88

  16. Depression • Measured using Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL; Derogatis et al, 1974) • 11 items • Sample item: “Crying easily”

  17. Depression • 4-point scale from (1) Never to (4) Extremely often • Alpha in this study =.81

  18. Procedure • First-year psychology students filled out an online questionnaire twice for URPP credit: • In the beginning of the semester (Sept-Oct) • Just prior to exam time (Nov-Dec) • The participants were anonymous. A self-generated number was used to match responses from time 1 and time 2.

  19. Participants • N=68, 81% female • Average age: 18.65 years, SD=2.41 • All are first year students

  20. Correlation Matrix of Variables

  21. Social Support Proactive Coping Vigor Depression (time 2) Theoretical Model • Relationship between social support, proactive coping and vigor at time 1 and depression at time 2. Time 1

  22. .34** .42*** Social Support Proactive Coping Vigor -.32** Depression (time 2) Empirical Model • Relationship between social support, proactive coping and vigor at time 1 and depression at time 2. Time 1 2 (3) = 3.792 p=.285 GFI = .973 AGFI = .911 CFI = .970 RMSEA = .063

  23. Empirical Model Relating Proactive Coping, Social Support, Vigor and 2MW in Joint Arthroplasty Patients Time 1 Time 2 .25** .20* .34*** Social Support Proactive Coping Vigor 2MW 2(3)= 3.350 p=0.341 GFI= 0.989 AGFI= 0.965 CFI= 0.989 RMSEA=0.027

  24. Conclusions • Proactive coping mediated the effects of social support on vigor • Vigor mediated the effects of proactive coping on depression • High levels of vigor were associated with lower levels of depression

  25. All self report measures in this study Behavioral measures of depression? Behavioral measures of vigor? Limitations

  26. Possible Interventions • How can we assist first-year students as they transition to university? • Higher vigor is associated with lower depression • Can vigor be manipulated?

  27. Cultivate social networks Develop programs to teach proactive coping that emphasizes taking control before disaster strikes Possible Interventions (cont’d)

  28. Thank you!

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