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Changes of State

Changes of State. Chapter 3 Section 2. Changing State: Solid to Liquid. Changing from Solid to Liquid requires an increase of thermal energy . Change in thermal energy = change in molecular motion! How do the particles in a solid substance change when energy is added? They vibrate faster!

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Changes of State

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  1. Changes of State Chapter 3 Section 2

  2. Changing State: Solid to Liquid • Changing from Solid to Liquid requires an increase of thermal energy. • Change in thermal energy = change in molecular motion! How do the particles in a solid substance change when energy is added? They vibrate faster! Energy causes particles to move faster and faster until they break from their fixed positions.

  3. 1. Melting When a substance melts, the __________ in the solid vibrate so fast that they break free from their _________ positions. Most pure substances have a specific melting point. Melting point of water is 0 degrees Celsius 2. Freezing When a substance freezes, the __________ in the liquid move so slowly that they begin to take on __________ positions. Freezing point of water is 0 degrees Celsius Are freezing and melting chemical or physical changes? Why?

  4. To melt ice, thermal energy increases the average molecular motion of the ice. The molecules vibrate faster, and the temperature of the ice increases.At 0 degrees C, the temperature of the ice stops increasing and any added energy causes the molecules to break out of their positions and the ice melts.

  5. Changing State: Liquid to Gas Vaporization Particles in a liquid gain enough _________ to move ______________. Motion of molecules increases. 1. Evaporation Occurs on the surface of a liquid 2. Boiling Occurs at the surface AND below the surface Boiling point of water = 100 degrees Celsius

  6. EvaporationAdded energy allow SOME of the molecules on the surface to escape Boiling

  7. Condensation • Reverse of Vaporization What happens? The particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid. • The gas particles can no longer overcome the attractive forces between them. Freedom of motion decreases

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