Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development

1. Chapter 18 Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development

2. ANSWERS • FALSE—sperm are made in the testes • TRUE • FALSE—most cases of testicular cancer occur among men aged 15-35. • FALSE—testosterone is the primary hormone in males. • TRUE • TRUE • FALSE—women typically only produce & release one mature egg each month. • TRUE • TRUE

3. Chapter 18 Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development • Contents • Section 1Male Reproductive System • Section 2Female Reproductive System • Section 3Pregnancy and Early Development

4. Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development Chapter 18 Section 1 Male Reproductive System

5. Section1 Male Reproductive System Chapter 18 Objectives • State the role of the male reproductive system. • Describe the function of each of the organs of the male reproductive system. • Summarize four problems that can occur with the male reproductive system. • List five things a male can do to keep his reproductive system healthy.

6. Section1 Male Reproductive System Chapter 18 What the Male Reproductive System Does • Produce sperm • Deliver sperm to the female reproductive system

7. Section1 Male Reproductive System Chapter 18 VOCABULARY: • Sperm: • sex cells produced in the testes • needed to fertilize an egg • Fertilization: • the process by which a sperm and an egg and their genetic material join to create a new human life. • Testes (testicles): • male reproductive organs • produce sperm and testosterone

8. Section1 Male Reproductive System Chapter 18 VOCABULARY: • Testosterone: • the major male sex hormone • regulates body changes during puberty • influences sperm production • Scrotum: • a sac containing the testes • muscles in the scrotum move the testes closer to or further from the body to regulate temperature

9. Section1 Male Reproductive System Chapter 18 VOCABULARY: • Penis: • urine exits the body through the penis via the urethra • delivers sperm to the female reproductive system • sperm from the testes travel through the epididymis and the vas deferens • in the vas deferens, sperm mixed with fluids to make semen

12. Chapter 18

13. Chapter 18

14. Keeping the Male Reproductive System Healthy

15. Section1 Male Reproductive System Chapter 18 Keeping the Male Reproductive System Healthy • Know the symptoms of testicular cancer. Look for: • unusual lumps • swelling • feeling of heaviness, pain or discomfort in your scrotum or abdomen • If you notice any of these symptoms, tell your parents and see a doctor right away.

16. Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

17. Section2 Female Reproductive System Chapter 18 Objectives • State the role of the female reproductive system. • Describe the function of each of the organs of the female reproductive system. • Describe the changes in the body during the menstrual cycle. • Summarize four problems that can occur with the female reproductive system. • List five things a female can do to keep her reproductive system healthy.

18. Section2 Female Reproductive System Chapter 18 What the Female Reproductive System Does • Produce eggs • Provide a place to support and nourish a developing baby

19. Section2 Female Reproductive System Chapter 18 VOCABULARY: • Ovaries: • female reproductive organs that produce: • EGGS • the hormones ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE • Estrogen regulates body changes during puberty. • Estrogenandprogesterone are involved in: • regulating monthly cycles • the changes that take place in the body during pregnancy

20. Section2 Female Reproductive System Chapter 18 VOCABULARY: • Eggs (ova): • Sex cells produced by the female reproductive organs, called ovaries. • Eggs are already formed in a female’s ovaries when she is born. • Females are born with all of the eggs they will ever have. They do not make more.

21. Section2 Female Reproductive System Chapter 18 VOCABULARY: • Vagina: • female reproductive organ that connects the outside of the body to the uterus • receives sperm during reproduction • the part of the birth canal through which a baby is delivered • Urethra: • carries urine out of the body from the bladder • located above and separate from the vagina

22. Section2 Female Reproductive System Chapter 18 VOCABULARY: • Uterus: • provides a place to support a developing baby • eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus through the fallopian tubes

24. Section2 Female Reproductive System Chapter 18 How the Menstrual Cycle Works • Prior to ovulation, the lining of the uterus thickens to prepare to support a growing human during pregnancy. • Menstruation: • the breakdown and discharge of the uterine lining out of the vagina. • occurs if a released egg is not fertilized • lasts on average 3 to 7 days • average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days • Ovulation usually occurs on the 14th day

28. Keeping the Female Reproductive System Healthy

29. Keeping your reproductive system healthy GIRLS BOYS

30. Section2 Female Reproductive System Chapter 18 Keeping the Female Reproductive System Healthy • Know the signs of breast cancer. • Be aware of any unusual lumps in your breasts. • If you detect any lumps, tell your parents and see a doctor right away.

31. Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development Chapter 18 Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

32. Section3 Pregnancy and Early Development Chapter 18 Objectives • Describe how a human life begins. • Summarize how a baby develops during the three trimesters of pregnancy. • Identifyfive things a couple can do to stay healthy before and during pregnancy. • Summarize four problems that can occur during pregnancy. • Describe the stages of childbirth. • List three changes that occur during early childhood development.

33. Section3 Pregnancy and Early Development Chapter 18 How Life Begins • Sexual intercourse: • The reproductive process in which the penis is inserted into the vagina and through which a new human life may begin. • Inside the vagina, sperm travel through the cervix, into the uterus and then the fallopian tubes, where fertilization normally occurs. • After fertilization, the zygote travels to the uterus and embeds in the uterine wall. • The developing human in the first 8 weeks of development is called an embryo.

34. Section3 Pregnancy and Early Development Chapter 18 How a Baby Develops • PLACENTA: • an organ that develops inside the uterus • provides a developing baby with nutrients and removes waste • UMBILICAL CORD: • connects the embryo to the placenta • Carries blood supply and nutrients to the baby

35. Section3 Pregnancy and Early Development Chapter 18 How a Baby Develops (1st trimester) • Embryo grows rapidly. • By the 4th week: • heart starts beating • arm and leg buds appear • eyes and brain start to develop • By the end of the first trimester, all the major body parts and organs have formed.

36. Section3 Pregnancy and Early Development Chapter 18 How a Baby Develops (2nd trimester) • Beyond the first trimester, the developing baby is called a fetus. • In the second trimester, the organs continue to develop. • By 4 months, the mother can feel the fetus move or kick.

37. Section3 Pregnancy and Early Development Chapter 18 How a Baby Develops (3rd trimester) • By the end of the second trimester: • facial features are apparent • you can see if the fetus is male or female. • In the third trimester, the fetus gains most of its weight. • At the end of 9 months, the baby is born.

38. Section3 Pregnancy and Early Development Chapter 18 Keeping Healthy Before and During Pregnancy • Avoid alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, and other drugs. All of these will adversely affect the developing baby. • Maintain a nutritious diet. • Take prenatal vitamins prescribed by a doctor. • Get regular, moderate amounts of exercise. • Have medical conditions evaluated by a doctor. • Schedule prenatal care visits throughout the pregnancy.

43. Section3 Pregnancy and Early Development Chapter 18 Early Child Development • The first year is the fastest period of physical growth after birth. • By the end of one year, most babies begin walking and talking. • In the second and third years, babies become more socially independent, may have temper tantrums, and become toilet trained.

44. End of Chapter 18