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The Continuing Cold War Chapter 19, section 4

The Continuing Cold War Chapter 19, section 4. Setting the Scene. 2nd Red Scare Americans are paranoid that anyone could be a Communist Spy! ANYONE!. Pete Seeger. Charlie Chaplin. W.E.B. Dubois. Burgess Meredith. The Cincinnati Reds!?!?. 1950 - McCarthy’s List.

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The Continuing Cold War Chapter 19, section 4

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  1. The Continuing Cold WarChapter 19, section 4

  2. Setting the Scene • 2nd Red Scare • Americans are paranoid that anyone could be a Communist Spy! • ANYONE!

  3. Pete Seeger

  4. Charlie Chaplin

  5. W.E.B. Dubois

  6. Burgess Meredith

  7. The Cincinnati Reds!?!?

  8. 1950 - McCarthy’s List • 205 known Communists working for the US government • Actually people who had been investigated under Truman’s Loyalty Programs • Used this list to catapult himself to fame (he was a nobody rookie senator before this)

  9. Uses SMEARTACTICS to intimidate his opponents • Even Went after George Marshall • “a conspiracy so immense and an infamy so black as to dwarf any previous venture in the history of man”

  10. 1953 • Reelected to the Senate • Made Chairman of the Senate Subcommittee to investigate Communist influence in the US • Merely being accused by McCarthy’s committee ruins many careers and reputations

  11. Many Senators were afraid to stand up to him for fear of being branded a “pinko” (communist sympathizer)

  12. Margaret Chase Smith “Declaration of “Conscience” • “Americanism is … The right to criticize; The right to hold unpopular beliefs; The right to protest; The right of independent thought. The exercise of these rights should not cost one single American citizen his reputation or his right to a livelihood nor should he be in danger of losing his reputation or livelihood merely because he happens to know someone who holds unpopular beliefs.”

  13. 1954 • McCarthy’s aid is drafted into the Army. • McCarthy accuses the army of being “overrun with Communists”

  14. Senate Sub-Committee votes to investigate the Army, Democrats ask to televise the hearings • Americans are shocked to see McCarthy bully and intimidate witnesses

  15. McCarthy is exposed as a fraud and loses all credibility, and the Senate condemns him. • McCarthy accuses the Senate of being Communists

  16. Edward R. Murrow • Journalist who tried to expose McCarthy as a fraud on his program “See it Now”

  17. Effects of McCarthyism • The US went through an extensive period of suppression of free speech and open debate. • ***IT WAS DANGEROUS TO HAVE A DISSENTING OPINION***

  18. The Cold War in the 1950’s • Many policy makers in Washington wanted to “roll back” Communism • Eisenhower knew that open war with the Soviets could be devastating • East Germans (1954) • Poles (1956) • Hungarians (1956)

  19. Ends the war in Korea • Begins sending aid to France who is trying to hold on to on of their colonies, French Indochina

  20. Middle East • Creation of Israel and Palestine in 1948 are a major cause of tension in the Middle East • Eisenhower struggles to keep OPEC nations from falling under Communist influence

  21. Overthrow the temporary Iranian government; reinstate the pro-American Shah of Iran • Eisenhower Doctrine – Support any country in the Middle East that was attempting to resist the influence of Communism

  22. Latin America • We (CIA) overthrow the Guatemalan Government that was too radical for our tastes • We invade Nicaragua and Honduras to help “prop up” two unpopular (but pro-American) leaders

  23. Nuclear Bomb Yields • Kiloton = 1000 tons of TNT • Megaton = 100,000,000 tons of TNT • Little Boy (Hirosima) = 13 Kilotons (390,000,000lbs!)

  24. “Davy Crockett” - .01 to 1 Kiloton

  25. Castle Bravo – 15 Megatons(3,000,000,000,000lbs) • 1,200 times more powerful than the atomic bombs which were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during WWII

  26. The race heats up… • 1953 – We test our first thermonuclear bomb • 1954 – Soviets test their first thermonuclear bomb • 1954 – We test 19 thermonuclear bombs

  27. TSAR bomb 50 megatons(10,000,000,000,000 lbs)

  28. Mushroom cloud was 64 miles high • Blast was felt in Finland • Broke glass windows 1000 miles away • Shockwave traveled the Earth 3 times

  29. The US government believes in a policy of deterrence. We will become so strong, no one will attack us • Brinksmanship – the ability to go the very edge of open war to achieve political goals • ICBM’s – since we had much better planes to deliver our bombs, the Soviets began to develop missiles

  30. Sputnik • 1957 – Soviets use an ICBM to launch Sputnik. Americans realize that they now have the ability to launce a missile at the US from the USSR

  31. U2 spy plane is shot down

  32. -> • Both Sputnik and the U2 incident show that we are lagging behind the soviets in military research.

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