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Anti-Slavery Thought

Anti-Slavery Thought. Enlightenment Natural Rights Economics Religion Reform African American Challengers Politics. Enlightenment. Liberal component: slavery offered efficiencies Pseudo science: Africans suited for tropics/labor Humanitarian component

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Anti-Slavery Thought

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  1. Anti-Slavery Thought • Enlightenment • Natural Rights • Economics • Religion • Reform • African American Challengers • Politics

  2. Enlightenment • Liberal component: • slavery offered efficiencies • Pseudo science: Africans suited for tropics/labor • Humanitarian component • Faith in nature, belief in human progress • Human righteousness and happiness required freedom

  3. Natural Rights • John Locke • Natural Rights: life, liberty and property • Right to the fruits of one’s labor in safety • The main purpose of establishing a civil government is to protect the freedom and security of all members of society. If a government arbitrarily attempts to deprive some individuals of their liberty or property, then it engages in a 'state of war' with them, and they have the right to oppose the unjust actions of that government. • Jean-Jacques Rousseau • Social Contract • Liberté, Egalité and Fraternité

  4. Economics • Transition to market economy • Beginning of wage labor and free-labor ideology • Manufactures/industrialization • Transition from monopolistic mercantile political economy to a proto-capitalist economy: competition (Williams: anti-monopolist capitalists) • Davis: Reduced efficiency

  5. Religion • Quakers, 1757 • The Bible: • Sanctions for master class • Salvation for slaves, Richard Allen’s AME • Challenges to formalism: Methodists • Evangelism: doing God’s work • The Second Great Awakening (1820s) • Charles Finney’s revival was “the greatest work of God, the greatest revival of religion, that the world has ever seen.”

  6. Reform • Self improvement • Social improvement • Education (Lyceums and public education; Horace Mann) • Temperance (Lyman Beecher) • Labor (Workingman’s Party) • Women’s rights (Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony) • Asylums • Prison Reform (Dorethea Dix) • End International Slave Trade (1808) • American Colonization Society (1816)

  7. ACS • American Colonization Society (1816): emancipation linked to deportation and racism (Jefferson) • "American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Color in the United States." • Rev Robert Finley, Francis Scott Key, Bushrod Washington, John Randolph, Henry Clay, Paul Cuffee, Daniel Webster • Sierra Leone, Liberia

  8. African American Challengers • In the system • Petitioners and court challenges • Samuel Cornish and John B. Russwurm; David Walker’s Appeal • Revolts: Gabriel Prosser (1800), Denmark Vesey (1822), Nat Turner (1831), Haiti (1791-1804), New Orleans (1811), Jamiaca (1831), etc. • Fear and Insecurity in master class

  9. Politics Expansion west: War of 1812, Contested territory. • Missouri, 1820: Holding a wolf by the ears

  10. Anti-Slavery Society • White supporters: Theodore Weld,William Lloyd Garrison • Whereas the Most High God "hath made of one blood all nations of men to dwell on all the face of the earth," and hath commanded them to love their neighbors as themselves; and whereas, our National Existence is based upon this principle, as recognized in the Declaration of Independence, "that all mankind are created equal, and that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness"; and whereas, after the lapse of nearly sixty years, since the faith and honor of the American people were pledged to this avowal, before Almighty God and the World, nearly one-sixth part of the nation are held in bondage by their fellow-citizens; and whereas, Slavery is contrary to the principles of natural justice, of our republican form of government, and of the Christian religion, and is destructive of the prosperity of the country, while it is endangering the peace, union, and liberties of the States; and whereas, we believe it the duty and interest of the masters immediately to emancipate their slaves…

  11. Anti-Slavery Society • Moral Suasion • Public Education • Pamphlets • Petitions (Gag Rule 1836) • Speaking Tours • Sarah and Angelina Grimke, Sojourner Truth

  12. Sojourner Truth

  13. Texas • 1824 Mexican Republic • 1835-36 Texas Revolution • Sam Houston • Stephen Austin • Goliad • Alamo • San Jacinto

  14. Defending Slavery • Alton, Illinois1837 • Elijah Lovejoy

  15. Anti-Slavery Politics • Tappan Brothers (Arthur and Lewis) • Liberty Party: • sought to achieve abolitionist goals through political means. Spoiler in 1844 election.

  16. Manifest Destiny • Polk’s Agenda (54-40 or fight) • Texas admitted • Negotiations with Mexico • Negotiations with Britain

  17. Mexico and Free Soil • Mexican War • David Wilmot • Free Soil Movement

  18. A Continental Nation: Whither Goes Slavery?

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