Slavery

1. Slavery

2. Essential Questions • Why were African Americans more desirable as slaves than indentured servants or Native Americans? • What sort of conditions did Africans endure on their voyage to the New World? • What impact did slavery have on both sides in the American Revolution? • What impact did slavery have on the writing of the Constitution and the Northwest Ordinance? • How were slaves’ family and personal lives different than those of other Americans? • What sorts of conditions affected the development and growth of slavery in the North? In the South? • What tactics and strategies did the leaders of the abolitionist movement use to promote their cause? • How did blacks and whites seek to assist those who wanted to escape slavery? • How did slavery lead to the rise of sectionalism and the beginning of the Civil War?

3. Slaves represented the bottom stratum of African society Different from slavery as it developed in the Americas Most African slaves were captives of war Slavery in Africa not permanent or hereditary Assimilation Slavery in Africa Africans enslaved by other Africans

4. A means for people to get to the New World Master paid for passage to America Indentured servant then owed 5–7 years of work Once indenture was paid, servant became free Indentured servants initially more desirable than slaves Indentured Servitude A certificate of indenture

5. First African slaves in America brought to Jamestown in 1619 Slavery institutionalized in many states by 1640 Slaves became “chattel property” The Origins of American Slavery African slaves landing at Jamestown, 1619

6. Using Native Americans as slaves problematic African slaves became more cost effective than indentured servants Colonists viewed blacks as inferior Slaves were servants for life Development of Slavery in the New World South American Indians captured as slaves by Europeans

7. Voyage of slaves from Africa to the New World Slaves tightly packed in ships’ holds Filthy conditions Disease outbreaks Some 20% died during the voyage to America The Middle Passage Diagram of a tightly packed slave ship

8. The Triangular Trade • Involved Europe, Africa, and the Americas • Trade goods carried to Africa for slaves • Slaves taken to the Americas and traded for raw materials • Raw materials sent to Europe to be made into trade goods

9. Slaves “seasoned” Slaves auctioned in a manner similar to livestock Inspected by potential buyers “Grab and go” auctions Slave Auctions Slave auctions such as the one depicted here were common in the colonial era and after the Revolutionary War

10. Blacks fought for both sides British promised freedom to slaves Washington originally denied black enlistments Rhode Island free black regiment African Americans in the Revolution Crispus Attucks, a former slave, was one of those killed by British troops in the 1770 Boston Massacre