Drugs

1. Drugs

2. Lesson #1: What is a Drug? • A drug is substance other than food that changes how the body or mind functions. • * The amount of a drug taken at one time is called a dose.

3. 5 Ways that Drugs Enter the body • Fastest * By Injection • * By Inhalation • * By Absorption • Slowest * By Mouth • * By Implantation

4. Prescription and Over the Counter Drugs • When used as intended and directed, these medications can promote health and prevent disease.

5. Prescription Drugs • A prescription is a written order from a licensed health professional, such as a doctor. • The drug is prescribed to fight or prevent a specific illness.

6. Guidelines for the safe use of Prescription drugs • Take the drug as directed • Follow the instructions on the label • Contact your physician if the drug does not produce the desired effect, or you experience new and unexplained symptoms.

7. Guidelines for the safe use of Prescription drugs-Safety • Keep all prescription drugs out of reach of children. • Do not share a prescribed drug with others. It is illegal! • Keep in original containers. • Dispose of medications properly.

8. Over the Counter Drugs • OCT Drugs are drugs purchased without a prescription • OCT drugs are taken to relieve signs or symptoms of an illness. • Follow the same safety guidelines as you would for using a prescription drug. • Do not purchase a drug if the tamper-resistant packaging is broken.

9. Lesson #1 Review • A drug purchased without a prescription is called a(n)___________________. • *A written order by a health professional for a drug is a(n) ___________________. • *The amount of a drug taken at one time is a(n)____________________.

10. Lesson #2 Illegal Drugs • A drug is an often illegal and sometimes addictive substance that causes changes in behavior and perception and is taken for it’s effects, but not for medical reasons.

11. Categories of Drugs • Depressants-Decrease Activity of the CNS • Alcohol • Tranquilizers • Barbiturates • Stimulants-Increase Activity of CNS • Nicotine • Tobacco • Methamphetamines • Cocaine • Caffeine

12. Categories of Drugs • Inhalants-Produce Unpredictable Effects • Whippets • Solvents • Paints • Sprays • Fuels • Hallucinogens-Distort Reality • Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) • Phencyclidine (PCP)

13. Date Rape Drugs • Date Rape Drugs are any drug that can affect judgment and behavior and can put a person at risk for unwanted or risky sexual activity. • Rohypnol- Felt within 30 mins/last 5-6 hours • Ketamine- Animal tranquilizer; causes memory problems • GHB- Felt in 15 mins/ lasts 3-4 hours • Alcohol

14. Date Rape Drugs • Side Effects • Nausea • Vomiting • Memory Loss • Confusion • Seizures • Convulsions • Coma • Death

15. Form of Date Rape Drugs • Rohypnol- • White pill that dissolves clear (newer ones turn drink bright blue) Pill may also be ground up. • GHB- • May come in a powder, liquid or pill. Odorless and colorless, with minimal taste. • Ketamine- • Comes as a liquid or a white powder.

16. How Date Rape Drugs are Used • Slipped into drinks at parties • Odorless, Colorless, Minimal Taste • Open drinks • More trusting when under the influence • Easier to take advantage of • Harder to detect who did it

17. Lesson #2: Illegal Drugs Review • What do stimulants do? • List 4 examples of stimulants: • What do depressants do? • List 3 examples of depressants: • Which is the most commonly abused depressant?

18. Lesson #2: Illegal Drugs Review • What do Hallucinogens do? • List 2 examples of hallucinogens • List 3 examples of Date Rape drugs: • Which is the most commonly used date rape drug:

19. Lesson #3: Marijuana-Salvia • A “GATEWAY” Drug • Classification depends on user- • Acts like a Hallucinogen in large doses • Also classified as a Narcotic • Could also be argued as a depressant (CNS)

20. How It Works… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsJzCdFlpyQ

21. Short Term Side Effects • Delayed reaction time • Decreased coordination • Increased amounts of phlegm • Burning/ stinging of throat • Impaired thinking • Increases heart rate • Increase blood pressure

22. Long Term Side Effects • Interference with reproductive hormones • Decrease sperm count and mobility • Adverse effects on memory and learning • Reduce intellectual level • Brain Damage • Increase risk for heart disease

23. Organs/Glands and Systems Effected • CNS • Immune System • Reproductive System • Endocrine System • Circulatory System • Pituitary Gland • Thyroid Gland • Stomach • Pancreas • Adrenal Glands • Testes

24. What is addiction?? • Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences. • * Benchmarks of addiction are withdrawal and tolerance.

25. What is tolerance? • MedicationTolerance. : Tolerance occurs when your body gets used to a medication so that either more medication is needed to give you the desired effect or a different medication is needed.  • More of the drug is needed to get the same effect.

26. Is Marijuana Addictive??? • YES • People who use more than once a week are at significant risk for addiction • 56% of people being treated for this addiction began by age 14 • 92% began by age 18

27. Adolescent Addict • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mUcMrzXq_U

28. Who Is Most At Risk??? • Majority of marijuana addicts are… • Male 76% • White 57% • Under age of 20 years old 46%

29. Lesson #3: Marijuana-Salvia Review • *Marijuana is known as a _______________ drug • List 3 ways that marijuana can be classifies as: • Is Marijuana Addictive? • How are addiction and tolerance related??

30. Stimulants and Depresants • Stimulants:’ • Caffeine • Amphetamines (Crystal Meth) • Cocaine • Nicotine

31. Crystal-Meth • Stimulant (produced in a lab) • Version of Methamphetamine • When it is in its crystalline form • It may be • Ingested • Smoked • Snorted • Injected • Inserted into anus or urethra

32. Short Term Side Effects • Rapid/Irregular Heart Rate • Convulsions • Insomnia • Overdose (OD) • Coma • Death • Euphoria (false sense of well being) • Anxiety • Mood Swings • Panic • Hallucinations • Increased Blood Pressure

33. Long Term Side Effects • Brittle hair • HIV/AIDS by injection • Nerve damage • Mental problems • Stroke • Brain damage • Increased tolerance • Speech disturbances • Difficulty turning thoughts into words • Decreased resistance to illness and infection • Malnutrition • Acne-itchy skin sores

34. Crystal-Meth • Although many other drugs have many long/short term side effects, Crystal meth seems to be the best visual example

35. The Faces of Meth Courtesy of the Multnomah County Sheriff Dept. ~Oregon~

36. 8thyear-Most her teeth were gone10thyear-Virtually blind

37. Meth Teeth YUCK!! • Symptoms • Dry Mouth • Tooth Decay • Cracked Teeth • Gum Disease http://www.mappsd.org/Meth%20Mouth%20Photo%20Gallery.htm http://www.stopmethaddiction.com/Meth_Teeth.htm

38. Cocaine Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug made from the leaves of the coca plant native to South America.

39. Cocaine’s Short-Term Effects • * extreme happiness and energy • mental alertness • * hypersensitivity to sight, sound, and touch • irritability • * paranoia—extreme and unreasonable distrust of others

40. What are the other health effects of cocaine use? • *constricted blood vessels • *dilated pupils • *nausea • *raised body temperature and blood pressure • *faster heartbeat • *tremors and muscle twitches • *restlessness • *

41. Long-Term Effects • Some long-term health effects of cocaine depend on the method of use and include the following: • snorting: loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, frequent runny nose, and problems with swallowing. • consuming by mouth: severe bowel decay from reduced blood flow. • needle injection: higher risk for contracting HIV, hepatitis C, and other bloodborne diseases.

42. Hallucinogens • Hallucinogens-Distort Reality • Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) • Phencyclidine (PCP) • Salvia is a hallucinogen…

43. Salvia • Hallucinogen • Very popular with high school and college students • Also known as • Magic Mint • Sally D • Can be • Smoked • Ingested • Chewed • Vaporized and Inhaled • Crushed and mixed into drinks

44. Side Effects of Salvia… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcSn0eLb9Vs

45. Short Term Side Effects • psychedelic-like changes in • visual perception • mood • body sensations • emotional swings • feelings of detachment • highly modified perception of external reality and the self, which leads to a decreased ability to interact with one's surroundings

46. Short Term Side Effects • Dizziness • Nausea • Lack of coordination • Slurred speech and awkward sentence patterns • Decreased heart rate • Chills

47. Long Term Side Effects • Unknown… • little scientific or medical data • What effect salvia may have on current user's health in the near or distant future is an issue to be concerned about.

48. Opiates • *Opiate definition: a drug containing opium or its derivatives, used in medicine for inducing sleep and relieving pain. • *Examples of opiates are :Heroine,  morphine or codeine

49. Opioids Caution: Highly Addictive! • Opioid:  1. A synthetic narcotic that resembles the naturally occurring opiates. • 2. Any substance that binds to or otherwise affects the opiate receptors on the surface of the cell. • Examples: fentanyl ,oxycodone, hydrocodone

50. Relapse • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kySR-j-dqrU • Relapse is when someone who has stopped using a drug (abstinent from use) resumes use of the drug.