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The Protestant Reformation: Causes, Impact, and Legacy

Explore the causes and effects of the Protestant Reformation from Church corruption to the spread of the printing press and Martin Luther's role, shaping Western Europe's religious landscape. Discover key events like the Peasant Revolt and the Peace of Augsburg that shaped Europe's religious divisions. Dive into this pivotal period in history.

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The Protestant Reformation: Causes, Impact, and Legacy

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  1. TheProtestantReformation

  2. Causes of the Reformation • Success of Catholicism led to criticisms • Won hearts, spirits, and $$ of Western Europe • Church corruption • Abuses of Church practices and positions • Indulgences: Cancellation of the penalty given by the Church to a confessed sinner. • Johann Tetzel: “As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs.” • Raised $ for Church activities • Simony:Buying church positions

  3. Causes of the Reformation 2… • Conciliarism: Theory that a general council of the church has greater authority than the pope and may, if necessary, depose him • Printing Press:Credited to Johannes Gutenberg in 1450 • 1 of the most significant inventions in history • Increased the output of printed material • Made such material available to much of the population= increased literacy rates

  4. The Spread of the Printing Press

  5. Martin Luther (1483-1546) • Augustinian friar • Professor at university in Wittenburg, Saxony • Came to believe that personal efforts—good works such as a Christian life and attention to the sacraments of the Church—could not “earn” the sinner salvation • “Justification by faith alone” (1515)

  6. October 31, 1517 • 95 Theses, statements, about indulgences were nailed to the door of the Wittenburg church and challenged the practice of selling indulgences • Wanted to REFORM the Catholic Church Selling Indulgences

  7. Luther’s Relations with the Pope and Governments/Writings • Excommunicated by Pope Leo X in 1521 • Diet of Worms (1521): publicly condemned by HRE Charles V • Wanted nobles and clergy to reform the Church • 1534: Translated the Bible into German City of Worms

  8. The Peasant Revolt - 1524

  9. Important Protestant Events • 1524: Peasant Revolt: Nobles repressed it with Luther’s blessing: killed 70k-100k peasants • 1529: Word ‘Protestant’ is 1st used • 1530, Augsburg Confession: Comprehensive statement of Luther’s beliefs • 1555: Peace of Augsburg established the permanent religious division of Germany into Lutheran and Catholic churches • “Curiusregio, eiusreligio” • “His region, his religion”—meaning that the religion of the region follows the religion of the person ruling there

  10. ReformationEurope(Late 16c)

  11. Resources • historyteacher.net: Susan M. Pojer • http://www.reformation.org/luther.html • REA AP European History Book

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