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Spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury patients have decreased: NK cell function T cell (adaptive) function CAM’s (cellular adhesion molecules) The above function in immune function and wound healing. Spinal cord injury.

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Spinal cord injury

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  1. Spinal cord injury • Spinal cord injury patients have decreased: • NK cell function • T cell (adaptive) function • CAM’s (cellular adhesion molecules) • The above function in immune function and wound healing

  2. Spinal cord injury • negative effect on immune cells & responsiveness in SCI patients may be due to: • disrupting the outflow of signals from the SNS to lymphoid tissues & their blood vessels • immunosuppression caused by stressors • interrupting returning signals to the CNS reducing facilitation of immunoregulatory CNS neurons • (Immunologic Res 15(4):306-14, 1996)

  3. Chronic Stress • Associated with immunosuppression • corticosteriods • catacholamines • endorphins • met-enkephalin

  4. Hypothalamus • Coordinates the response to stress through the release of soluble products from the SNS & HPA axis. • NS & ES are not concerned with immunological specificity • NS & ES do influence the intensity, kinetics & localization of immune responses

  5. Immune Cells • Can produce neurologically active peptides including ACTH, CRF, GH, thyrotropin, PRL, hCG, endorphin, enkephalins, substance P, somatostatin, VIP. • Cytokines are likely important mediators of the HPA response to immune stimuli

  6. Melatonin • Antistress effects in mice • immobilization stress (IS) • mortality < 10% • innoculated with vaccinia virus (VV) • mortality < 10% • IS + VV • mortality > 90% • IS + VV + PM melatonin injection • mortality < 10% • IS + VV + PM melatonin inj + naltrexone • mortality > 90%

  7. Melatonin • A PM injection of melatonin (AM injection ineffective) abrogated effects of IS + VV • This effect of melatonin is mediated by the EOS (endogenous opioid system) as naltrexone (an opioid receptor blocker) negates the melatonin effect • regular melatonin administration (10 ug/ml) in mice prolonged lifespan (931  80 days vs 752  81 days p < .01)

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