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Structure and Function of the Eye

Structure and Function of the Eye. SPE 516. The Bony Orbit. The Muscles of the Eye (Extraocular muscles). Superior and Inferior rectus . Superior rectus Attached to the eye at 12 o’clock Moves the eye up. Inferior rectus Attached to the eye at 6 o’clock Moves the eye down.

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Structure and Function of the Eye

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  1. Structure and Function of the Eye SPE 516

  2. The Bony Orbit

  3. The Muscles of the Eye(Extraocular muscles)

  4. Superior and Inferior rectus • Superior rectus • Attached to the eye at 12 o’clock • Moves the eye up. • Inferior rectus • Attached to the eye at 6 o’clock • Moves the eye down.

  5. Lateral Rectus • Lateral Rectus • Also called the external rectus • Attaches on the temporal side of the eye • Moves the eye toward the outside of the head (toward the temple)

  6. Medial Rectus • Medial Rectus • Also called the internal rectus • Attached on the nasal side of the eye • Moves the eye toward the middle of the head (toward the nose)

  7. Superior Oblique • Attached high on the temporal side of the eye. • Passes under the Superior Rectus. • Moves the eye in a diagonal pattern -- down and in.

  8. Inferior Oblique • Attached low on the nasal side of the eye. • Passes over the Inferior Rectus. • Moves the eye in a diagonal pattern -- up and out.

  9. The Nerves That Control the Muscles of the Eye • Third Cranial Nerves • Fourth Cranial Nerves • Sixth Cranial Nerves

  10. Lids and Lashes • Main function is the protection of the eye. • They also help to distribute tears which wash and lubricate the eyes.

  11. The Lacrimal System -- Tears

  12. The Refractive Structures • These structures bend the light so that a clear image is produced. • They are: • tears • conjunctiva • cornea • aqueous humor • lens • vitreous humor

  13. Layers of the eye • Sclera and Cornea • uveal tract • Choroid • Iris • Ciliary body • retina

  14. Sclera and Cornea • Form the outer layer of the eye – 1/6 cornea and 5/6 sclera • Cornea is clear- sclera is white (they transition at the limbus) • Very tough and provide protection • Sclera maintains shape of the eye • Cornea is the major refractor of the eye

  15. Uveal Tract • Choroid – vascular layer, major supplier of nutrients and blood supply to the eye • Iris – Controls light that enters eye • Cilliary body- produces aqueous humor to bathe lens and provide nutrients to lens and cornea and provides accommodation.

  16. The Retina Cones and rods • Rods -peripheral retina • Motion, low light, no color • Cones -central retina • Highly centralized in the fovea • Color • Fine detail

  17. The Optic Pathway • Begins at the optic nerve. • Impulses cross and partially split at the optic chiasm. • After the chiasm, it becomes the optic tract. • Lateral geniculate bodies (sensory way stations) • Some fibers go to the colliculus.

  18. Optic Pathway (cont.) • The fibers fan out into the visual cortex which is located at the top and back of the brain.

  19. Vision and the Brain • Primary visual cortex (Striated Cortex) -- • spatial organization of a scene • shapes of objects • brightness and shading of parts of objects • Secondary visual cortex (Prestriated Cortex) -- • pattern recognition

  20. The Brain and Vision (cont) • Temporal Lobes • center for visual learning • recognition by sight • Midbrain -- Limbic sector • emotional responses to visual stimuli • Midbrain -- Superior Colliculus -- • guides visual attention

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