BLEEDING

1. BLEEDING GFA – FIRST AID COURSE – BLEEDING 01-2013

2. What you will learn • How to stop bleeding within 30 seconds! • How to prevent infection • How to prevent shock

3. Introduction Did you know a casualty can die within MINUTES from severe blood loss?

4. Are you ready to learnhow to save a life? Imagine the feeling of being part of a group of people who can sustain life by learning simple life saving skills

5. Shock 3-4 minutes lack of oxygen to the brain causes irreparable brain damage Severe blood loss causes SHOCK. SHOCK occurs when not enough oxygen gets to the brain.

6. Recognition of Shock • Pale skin • Blue lips & extremities • Cold • Sweaty • Thirsty • Dizzy

7. Priority of First Aid

8. Treatment SEEP 1. Sit (or lay with legs elevated to prevent shock) 2. Elevate 3. Examine 4. Pressure

9. Sit 1. Sit or lay with legs above the heart – to prevent SHOCK

10. Elevate 1. Elevate the wound above the heart DO NOT Elevate if you suspect a broken bone

11. Examine 3. Examine the wound for glass or objects DO NOT pull them out! Put pressure around the object

12. Pressure 4. Pressure - apply DIRECT pressure immediately within 10 seconds if the bleed is life threatening!

13. What can I use? You can use anything available to you – it doesn’t need to be dressing pads from a first aid kit. • You can use your hand • their hand • a t-shirt • a tea towel • anything that can be put over the wound to stop or slow down the flow of blood Remember to elevate the arm

14. Bandaging If you have a bandage: • Cover the whole of the wound with a pad • Cover both ends of the pad with a bandage • Check to see if the bandage is too loose. • If the bandage is too tight the fingers will go blue and feel cold. Take it off & put another one on.

15. Indirect Pressure If the bleed is very bad & wont stop after you have applied pressure, use INDIRECT PRESSURE on the artery. ARM • Press on the artery under the arm to stop it bleeding • Release pressure after 10 minutes • Repeat, releasing every 10 minutes until bleeding has stopped

16. Indirect Pressure If the bleed is very bad & wont stop after you have applied pressure, use INDIRECT PRESSURE on the artery. LEG • Press on the artery in the crease of the groin using your knuckles or thumbs continuously • You DO NOT need to release pressure on the leg Failing that….

17. Tourniquet Use as a LAST RESORT. Tourniquets have been known to cause damage to the limbs. • Tie the tourniquet around an injured arm or leg, several inches above the injury • Place a stick or other item strong enough to twist. Tie the loose ends of the tourniquet around it • Twist to increase the pressure until the bleeding stops. Tie one or both ends to the victim's arm or leg. Write on the casualties forehead: The time, the date & “T” for tourniquet

18. Recap SEEP 1. Sit (or lay with legs elevated to prevent shock) 2. Elevate 3. Examine 4. Pressure

19. Recap • Direct pressure • Indirect pressure • 3. Tourniquet

20. Nose Bleed • Pinch the soft part of the nose for 10 minutes • Sit casualty forward • Encourage them to breath through their mouth • Tell them not to sniff • Consider hospital if bleeding more than 30 minutes

21. Eye Injury • Keep casualty on the floor on their back • Shield eyes from the light • Cover bad eye with a dressing & place pad over the good eye

22. Amputation • Some limbs can be reattached by microsurgery if the amputated part has been preserved well. • Wear gloves & wrap the severed part • in material • Put ice around the material • Don’t wash the severed part • Don’t put ice directly on the severed part

23. Test Your Knowledge Cover up the answers 1. How long do you apply indirect pressure on an arm & leg? 10 minutes on an arm, release then reapply if necessary. On a leg keep pressure on all the time as there is another artery that will supply oxygen & blood. 2. In an amputation should we put ice directly on the severed part? No. This will burn the nerves preventing re attachment if possible • How should I protect myself from infection from my casualty’s blood? Your casualty can put their hand on the wound. You can use a plastic bag or gloves. 4. What do I do if the bleeding soaks through the first item I have used? Do not remove it. Add more items & keep firm pressure. 6. Should I wash the wound? Only wash small cuts and grazes with water to remove dirt. Don't wash a wound that is bleeding heavily. You will wash away all the clotting agents and make it bleed more. 7. The person looks pale and feels cold and dizzy. What does this mean? This means they are suffering from SHOCK. Get them to lie down & lift their feet higher than the rest of their body.

24. Test Your Knowledge What is the correct order of treatment for a wound that continues to bleed?

25. GIFT OF LIFE CERTIFICATE Name: ………………….…..…………………. Date: ………….....…...................…………… Has attended training in Bleeding As volunteers with Global First Aid we promise to pass our knowledge of life saving skills to others. To continue to refresh our knowledge & make a difference to someone’s life Signed ………………………..………………………. Karen Winter (Founder/State Registered Paramedic) The aim of our charity is to spread the teaching of first aid globally. It is important for us to know how many people are being taught by our organisation. Please email/contact us with your name, country, date of training & name of your teacher info@globalfirstaid.org Update your knowledge by downloading FREE training material from our website www.globalfirstaid.org We welcome your suggestions on how to improve our organisation. Our Charity relies on donations to survive & save lives THANK YOU

26. BLEEDING