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The Reformation Continues

The Reformation Continues. Mr. Morris World History. Key Terms Ch. 17.4 pg. 495. Predestination Calvinism Theocracy Presbyterian Anabaptist Catholic Reformation Jesuits Council of Trent. Setting the Stage.

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The Reformation Continues

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  1. The Reformation Continues Mr. Morris World History

  2. Key Terms Ch. 17.4 pg. 495 • Predestination • Calvinism • Theocracy • Presbyterian • Anabaptist • Catholic Reformation • Jesuits • Council of Trent

  3. Setting the Stage • In England, Elizabeth had established the Anglican Church which held on to many Catholic traditions • Other places were beginning to have Reformations of their own and theirs were much more Protestant than Catholic

  4. Calvin Continues the Reformation • In Switzerland, Huldrych Zwingli called for Catholic reform. • Wanted believers to have more control in the Church • After a war between Swiss Protestants and Catholics, Zwingli died and a new leader emerged

  5. Calvin Formalizes Protestant Ideas • In 1536, John Calvin published Institutes of the Christian Religion • This book gave a summary of Protestant beliefs • All people are sinful, God has a select few he chooses to save • Religion based on Calvin’s teachings – Calvinism

  6. Calvin Leads the Reformation in Switzerland • Calvin though governments were best run by religious leaders • 1541 – Asked to govern in Geneva, Switzerland • Calvin implemented strict rules in Geneva • No bright clothes, no card games, all people attended religion classes • Those who broke these rules were jailed, banished, or excommunicated • Geneva was seen as a great city by the rest of Europe

  7. Calvinism Spreads • John Knox of Scotland took Calvin’s ideas to Scotland and implemented them • Known as Presbyterian – Overthrew their Catholic ruler in favor of an infant • As Calvin’s teachings spread, so did violence • In France, Catholics hunted and killed Protestants for six months • However, most Protestant religions today trace their roots to Calvin, but they have relaxed his strict rules

  8. Other Protestant Reformers • Many other Protestant religions were formed based on differences in beliefs

  9. The Anabaptists • The Anabaptists only baptized those who were old enough to choose Christianity • Means “baptize again” • Believed in separation of church and state, refused to fight in wars, and shared belongings • Persecuted by both Protestants and Catholics • Amish, Baptists, and Quakers all came from the Anabaptists

  10. Women’s Role in the Reformation • Many noblewomen protected reformers by keeping them safe • Some also stood up to male ministers • Katherine von Bora, Luther’s wife, helped keep things organized and took care of visitors • Churches became organized around male leaders who urged women to stay at home and take care of things tehre

  11. The Catholic Reformation • Many people remained Catholic during the Reformation • Catholic Church reformed itself to keep its members • Led by Ignatius and Popes Paul III and Paul IV

  12. Ignatius of Loyola • From Spain, he was injured in war and wrote Spiritual Exercises while recovering • Plan for meditation, prayer, and study • Over the next 18 years, Ignatius recruited members for his Society of Jesus • Called “Jesuits,” they had three goals • Founded colleges in Europe • Convert non-Christians to Catholicism • Stop the spread of Protestantism

  13. Reforming Popes • Pope Paul III • Created a council to investigate wrongdoings in the Church • Approved the Jesuits • Used the Inquisition to stop heresy • Council of Trent

  14. The Council of Trent • Meeting of Church leaders in Trent, Italy • Bishops and cardinals met and agreed on several issues • Church’s Bible interpretation was final • Christians had to have good works as well as faith to be saved • Bible & traditions were both used to guide Christian life • Indulgences were accepted

  15. Pope Paul IV • Paul IV took what the Council of Trent decided and put it into practice • Made a list of forbidden books (including Protestant Bibles) and had them burned

  16. Religious and Social Effects of the Reformation • Protestant churches expanded rapidly and new denominations were created • Catholic churches became more united • Both used education as a way to spread their beliefs – opened many schools and colleges • Although women had fought for more rights in the Church, they were still not given rights in either

  17. Political Effects of the Reformation • With the decline of the Catholic Church, monarchs and states got more power • Led to our modern nation-states • Rulers gained more power for themselves and their countries through war, expansion, and exploration

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