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EVOLUTION

EVOLUTION. IS: Change over Time IS NOT: Man Came From Monkey. LAMARCK. Theory of Acquired Traits (found incorrect) Idea that an organism’s environment creates hereditary changes seen in next generation. DARWIN. Theory of natural selection

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EVOLUTION

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  1. EVOLUTION IS: Change over Time IS NOT: Man Came From Monkey

  2. LAMARCK • Theory of Acquired Traits (found incorrect) • Idea that an organism’s environment creates hereditary changes seen in next generation

  3. DARWIN • Theory of natural selection • Idea that only organisms with favorable traits survive & reproduce  passing on “good” traits

  4. STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS • Develop over many generations • Mimicry • Form protection • Copy appearance of another species • Animal – animal • Milk/coral snakes • Animal - plant • Katydid/leaf Coral

  5. STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS • Camouflage • Blend into surroundings • Animals matching folage • leaf frog • Crab spider • chameleon

  6. PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS • Faster to develop • Reduction specialized structures not needed • Cave dwellers reduced eyes, vision & pigments • Create changes in metabolic processes • Resistance to drugs/chemicals • Penicillin resistant bacteria • Pesticide resistant weeds

  7. ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES • Homologous • different function and external form • Similar basic anatomical structure • Commonly seen in bone structure

  8. ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES • Analogous • Different embryological origin & mature structure • Similar function • Wings birds & insects

  9. ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES • Vestigial • Structure no longer functions but remains in diminished form • Pelvis in snake/whales • Leaves  spines • Humans: • Appendix • Ear muscles • Nictitating membrane • Wisdom teeth • Coccyx (tailbone)

  10. EMBRYOLOGICAL COMPARRISIONS • All vertebrate animals share similar characteristics at early stages of development • Gill slits • Caudal vert. (tails)

  11. MICROEVOLUTION • Small measureable changes w/in a population from generation to generation (relatively short period of time). • Population – members of single species living & reproducing in a specific area

  12. CAUSES OF MICROEVOLUTION • Genetic Drift • Change in allele frequencies in a gene pool due to chance. • Increase/decrease based on which members survive & reproduce. • Greater impact in smaller populations

  13. CAUSES OF MICROEVOLUTION • Bottleneck Effect • Catastrophic event leaves few survivors, limiting the gene pool for the next generation. • Caused by natural disaster, habitat loss, overharvesting

  14. CAUSES OF MICROEVOLUTION • Founder Effect • Rare alleles occur at a higher frequency in isolated populations. • Initial “founders” of the population rec’d their alleles by chance. • Due to small population, rare gene continually passed on.

  15. MACROEVOLUTION • Large changes over a long period of time. • Requires speciation • Splitting of 1 species into 2/more • Species  do not have to look the same but can successfully interbreed

  16. CAUSES OF MACROEVOLUTION • Geographic Isolation • Species separated by major physical boundaries • Ex: Oceans, rivers, mountains • Habitat Isolation • Live in close proximity, but rarely interact due to different habitats • Jungle – canopy dwellers vs. those live forest floor.

  17. CAUSES OF MACROEVOLUTION • Temporal Isolation • Live together but reproduce at different times of the year. • Behavioral Isolation • Courtship patterns use recognize mates. • Chemical, vocal or physical indicators

  18. CAUSES OF MACROEVOLUTION • Mechanical Isolation • Floral structures or animal genitalia are incompatible making reproduction impossible. • Gamete Isolation • Gametes from incompatible species will not fuse together to form a zygote.

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