Pop Quiz: Match the Crime with the Main Cause Crime Main Cause 1. Street crime A. Poor parenting (assault, rape, B/E) 2

Pop Quiz: Match the Crime with the Main Cause • CrimeMain Cause • 1. Street crime A. Poor parenting • (assault, rape, B/E) • 2. Petty crime B. Psychoses • (shoplifting, public intox) • 3. Serial killing C. Poor neighborhood • 4. Domestic violence D. Being young/acting • (assault, rape, incest, abuse) stupid.

Pop Quiz: Match the Crime with the Main Cause • CrimeMain Cause • 1. Street crime A. Poor parenting • (assault, rape, B/E) • 2. Petty crime B. Psychoses • (shoplifting, public intox) • 3. Serial killing C. Poor neighborhood • 4. Domestic violence D. Being young/acting • (assault, rape, incest, abuse) stupid

Pop Quiz: Match the Crime with the Main Cause • CrimeMain Cause • 1. Street crime A. Poor parenting • (assault, rape, B/E) • 2. Petty crime B. Psychoses • (shoplifting, public intox) • 3. Serial killing C. Poor neighborhood • 4. Domestic violence D. Being young/acting • (assault, rape, incest, abuse) stupid.

Pop Quiz: What is the monetary cost of murder? Consider: victim costs, criminal justice costs (i.e., investigation, arrest, prosecution), incarceration, probation, and opportunity costs. 1. $1,480,000 2. $6,150,000 3. $11,150,000 4. $17, 250,000 5. $21, 820,000

Pop Quiz: What is the monetary cost of crime? Consider: victim costs, criminal justice costs (i.e., investigation, arrest, prosecution), incarceration, probation, and opportunity costs. 1. Rape $448,532 2. Armed Robbery $335,733 3. Aggravated Assault $145,379 4. Burglary $41,228

Deviance • Definition • Actions or behaviors that violate cultural norms (i.e., codified rules: “thy shall not kill” ) or social norms (i.e., informal rules: “thy shall not wear plaid with paisley”). • Deviance helps define the rules by defining a violation of the rules (i.e., “there is no crying in baseball”).

Deviance • Definition • Deviance can be a form of destructive behavior (i.e., “breaking and entering”). • Deviance can be a means to suggest social change (i.e., “a peaceful sit-in”). • Deviance can be a means to bringing about positive social change (i.e., “walking to work to save fuel and exercise more”).

Deviance • Definition • By definition, all social change is a form of deviance. • Therefore, all efforts to bring about social change are acts of deviance. • Deviance is a positive function to the extent that it brings about positive social change.

Deviance • Definition • In this section of Sociology 235, we will think of deviance primarily in the sense of breaking the law, of doing bad. • At the end of the semester, we will discuss social movements and social change.

Deviance • Structure-Functionalism • Structure-functionalism emphasizes following the rules, which are developed through a consensus opinion of what is best for the whole. • Deviance represents a violation of consensually understood rules. • Deviance occurs because of mismatches, or “strains” among the functional imperatives.

Deviance • Structure-Functionalism • If the rules are undergoing rapid change, people feel they do not understand the rules, and they break the rules out of ignorance or frustration (i.e., anomie). • Social cohesion (i.e., a sense of belonging, or “we-ness”), and social solidarity (i.e., trusting in representatives of societal institutions) are critical to maintaining social order.

Deviance • Conflict Theory (Marxism) • The rules are made by and for the benefit of the powerful elite. • The less powerful are not part of the decision-making, and therefore feel removed from the rules (i.e., alienation). • The less powerful should obtain “class consciousness” (i.e., realize they are being exploited).

Deviance • Conflict Theory (Marxism) • Deviance is the only way to achieve synthesis between the means for survival and the unfair relations between the powerful and less powerful. • Deviance is the path to human freedom from oppression. • Don’t get mad; get even!

Deviance • Symbolic Interactionism • Everyday language and actions re-define every day what is allowed and what is deviant. • Deviance behavior is learned, just as naturally as any other form of socialization. • We learn behavior, and sometimes what we learn is bad behavior (i.e., “choose your parents well”).

Deviance • Symbolic Interactionism • Labels define us as the good, the bad, and the ugly. • Labeling is perpetuated by good and bad stereotypes. • Labeling is reinforced when people internalize the looking-glass impressions and symbols perpetuated by society (i.e., we learn to love or hate our selves).

Deviance • Symbolic Interactionism • Importantly, labeling also defines “the right/wrong way to do things.” • Can definitions of self influence crime rates? • We will explore the relationship between traditional definitions of “masculinity” and rates of violent crime.

Pop Quiz: Match the Crime with the Main Cause Crime Main Cause 1. Street crime A. Poor parenting (assault, rape, B/E) 2