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The British in India

The British in India. The British East India Company: 1600 - 1857. United Kingdom uses British East India Company to control India's government & military UK -Attitude superiority. British East India Company Agents. Sepoys, 1850s. Hired Indian soldiers

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The British in India

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  1. The British in India

  2. The British East India Company: 1600 - 1857 • United Kingdom uses British East India Company to control India's government & military • UK -Attitude superiority

  3. British East India Company Agents

  4. Sepoys, 1850s • Hired Indian soldiers • Rebel against UK: B/c rumor bullets are greased with cow & pig fat • (Cows- sacred to Hindis/Pigs- taboo for Muslims) • Those who refuse to load rifles- arrested • Sepoys rebel killing 50 European men women and children

  5. The Sepoy Mutiny: 1857 First War for Independence

  6. Areas of the Sepoy Mutiny, 1857

  7. Execution of Sepoys:“The Devil’s Wind”

  8. Result: of Sepoy Rebellion • UK parliament transfer power of the British East India Co. – to English government The Raj: "Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire

  9. 1877: Queen Victoria Becomes “Empress of India” India becomes formal UK colony • Largest colony 300 mil. people “jewel in the crown”

  10. Queen Victoria in India

  11. British Colonial Life During the Raj

  12. Benefits • Stable efficient government • New school system (only serves upper-class) 99% pop. Are peasants • Railroads, telegraph, postal service

  13. Theosophical Library – Madras, 1913

  14. Darjeeling Railroad, 1880s

  15. Costs • Local economies destroyed by British Manufacturing • British Textiles put 1,000’s out of work (mostly women) • Tax collectors abuse peasants • Indians forced to grow cotton-not food led to FAMINE • British Rule is degrading – take best jobs & houses • Arrogant racist attitudes lead to nationalist movement

  16. A LifeofLeisure

  17. Living Like a Maharajah

  18. Simla: Little England in the mountains of India

  19. The Rise of Indian Nationalism

  20. the Indian National Congress • 1885  formed in response to British domination • swaraj  “independence.”* the goal of the movement. • Made up of English- educated upper class • Mostly Hindu

  21. the Muslim League 1906 Formed due to rivalries between Hindus & Muslims.

  22. Mohandas K. Gandhi,1876 • English educated lawyer emerges as leader • Sees racial exploitation while working in South Africa • Promotes nonviolent resistance against unjust laws

  23. Gandhi as a Young Barrister in Natal

  24. Gandhi as a Lawyer in Johannesburg, So. Africa

  25. Mohandas Gandhi

  26. Independence Movement • Goal: force British to improve the lot of the poor & grant independence • Called “Mahatma” (great soul) resisting unjust laws was moral path (peaceful protests & marches) • Movement leads to an Indian cultural revival in literature, poetry, social reform & spirituality

  27. Salt March, 1930 MakingSalt

  28. Hunger Strike

  29. The End of the Raj: August 15, 1947

  30. Pre-Partition

  31. Partition

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