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Coupled Climate Models

Explore the dynamics of climate systems and the factors influencing climate variability, including external and internal forcings. Learn about the components of the climatic system and the measurements driving climate models.

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Coupled Climate Models

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Coupled Climate Models OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS

  2. What is climate? • Different meanings • an external, forcing agent • influence on society and socio-economics • a background norm on which weather is imposed • temperature, rain, and humidity

  3. Climatic System 5 Major Components • Hydrosphere • Atmosphere • Cryosphere • Lithosphere • Biosphere

  4. Why does climate vary? VARIATIONS IN CLIMATE COMPONENTS

  5. Climate Forcings: the basis for change • Forcing: a change on the planetary energy balance system (flux) • 2 separate categories: • External Forcings • Internal Forcings • Human • Natural

  6. Climate Forcings: External • Milankovitch Cycles • Eccentricity • Obliquity • Precession • Solar Activity • Comet/meteorite impacts

  7. Greenhouse Gases Tropospheric Aerosols Ozone Depletion Land Surface Changes KNOWN FORCINGS Climate Forcings: InternalHuman induced

  8. Climate Forcings: InternalNatural • Ocean circulation changes • Volcanic eruptions • Heat Transfer from interior

  9. Measurements that Drive the Models • Sea surface temperature • Air temperature and humidity • Wind velocity • Net radiation flux at ocean and underlying surfaces and upper atmospheric boundary • Fluxes of momentum, heat and moisture at the ocean-atmosphere boundary

  10. Combine oceanic and atmospheric models Coupled Climate Model

  11. General Circulation Model: GCM • 3-dimensional model • scaling issues

  12. General Circulation Model: GCM • Solve for the main features of the atmosphere and ocean through a series of equations

  13. Atmospheric GCM

  14. AGCM variables • Surface Pressure • 2 horizontal wind components • Temperature • Moisture • Geopotential height

  15. AGCM: Physical Processes • Radiative Transfer • daily and annular cycles • short- and long-wave • clouds • Boundary Layer • friction • diurnal temperature and humidity variations

  16. AGCM: Physical Processes • Large-scale rainfall • Convection

  17. AGCM: Physical Processes • Land Surface Parameterization • gravity wave drag

  18. Oceanic GCM • Drivers • Winds • Salinity and density • Detailed schemes • Stronger currents on western sides of basin

  19. OGCMs • Swamp Model • Slab Model • Detailed Mixed Layer Model • Dynamic Ocean Model

  20. OGCM: Grid

  21. Other Schemes • Cyrosphere • hydrologic cycle • albedos • wind and heat • Vegetation • different scales • lack of validation data

  22. Coupled Model: AOGCM

  23. AOGCM Problems • Time Scales • Grid Scales • Costs

  24. AOGCM Solutions • Asynchronous Coupling

  25. Conclusion There is a long way to go before we have RELIABLE Models with which to predict CLIMATE and CLIMATE CHANGE …

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