1. Chapter 2Sociological Research Methods • Why is Sociological Research Necessary? • The Sociological Research Process • Research Methods • Ethical Issues in Sociological Research

2. Theory and Research Cycle: Deductive Approach Research begins with a theory: • Theories generate hypothesis • Hypothesis leads to observations. • Observations lead to the formation of generalizations. • Generalizations support the theory.

3. Theory and Research Cycle: Inductive Approach Research begins with data: • Observations suggest generalizations. • Generalizations produce a tentative theory. • Theory is tested through formation of a hypothesis. • Hypothesis may provide suggestions for additional observations.

4. Conventional Research Model • Select and define the research problem. • Review previous research. • Formulate the hypothesis. • Develop the research design. • Collect and analyze the data. • Draw conclusions and report the findings.

5. Qualitative Research Model • Research begins with a general approach rather than a detailed plan. • Research decides when literature review and theory application happen.

6. Qualitative Research Model • Study presents a detailed view of the topic. • Access to people or other resources that can provide necessary data is crucial. • Appropriate research methods are important for acquiring useful qualitative data.

7. Research Methods • Survey Research • Secondary Analysis of Existing Data • Field Research • Experiments

8. ASA Code of Ethics Basic ethical standards for sociologists including: • Disclose research findings in full and include all possible interpretations of the data. • Safeguard participants right to privacy and dignity while protecting them from harm.

9. ASA Code of Ethics Basic ethical standards for sociologists including: • Protect confidential information provided by participants. • Acknowledge research collaboration and assistance and disclose all sources of financial support.