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Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing – Chapter 1

Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing – Chapter 1. Emilio Chuvieco and Alfredo Huete. What is remote sensing?. Source: modis.nasa.gov. Components of a remote sensing system. Energy Source. Remote Sensing Platform. Atmosphere. Earth´s cover. ’. VISUAL INTERPRETATION.

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Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing – Chapter 1

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  1. Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing – Chapter 1 Emilio Chuvieco and Alfredo Huete

  2. What is remote sensing? Source: modis.nasa.gov

  3. Components of a remote sensing system Energy Source Remote Sensing Platform Atmosphere Earth´s cover ’ VISUAL INTERPRETATION Receiving System End-users DIGITAL PROCESSING

  4. Historical development of remote sensing systems U n i t e d S t a t e s Space Shuttle Plane Meteorological Satellites Commercial Satellites ERS-1 1950 1858 1970 1990 1900 2010 Sputnik Landsat-4 Landsat-1 Space Station Balloon Pigeon camera Space Program

  5. This photo was taken by an automatic K-12 camera, using black-and-white infrared film, from a Viking sounding rocket that reached a height of 227 km. This scene spans parts of New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, California, and northwest Mexico (upper Gulf of California on the left). (From the NASA archive)

  6. The first Earthrise seen from the surface of the moon by the first Apollo Lunar landing mission Source: NASA

  7. Photograph taken by the Apollo-7 crew over lake Chad (central Africa) in 1968 (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/)

  8. This QuickBird image shows the Royal Grand Palace in Bangkok, Thailand. Key identifiable features are all of the structures within the grounds, the palace walls, the guard towers, and walkways (Courtesy of DigitalGlobe).

  9. Current satellite missions • USA: Landsat, GOES, Space shuttle, Terra, Aqua, Ikonos, Quickbird, Geoeye. • ESA: ERS-1 y 2, Envisat, Meteosat, MSG. • France: Spot-4 y 5. • India: IRS-6, Insat, Cartosat. • Canadá: Radarsat-1 y 2. • Russia: Spin-2, Resurs, Meteor. • Japan: ALOS, GMS, Aqua. • Brazil - China: CBERS, Fen Yung. • Corea, Israel, Indonesia, Argentina...

  10. Other sources of RS data • Airborne (lidar, hiperspectral). • Unmanned (UAV). • Ground sensors

  11. Main journals

  12. Advantages of RS • Global view. • Multiscale observation. • Frequent observation. • Direct and non-destructive observation. • Complete cover. • Non-visible spectral regions. • Height estimation.

  13. Global view http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/Sensors/Terra/

  14. Multiscale observation MODIS (500 m) - Landsat (30 m) – Ikonos (1 m) over San Francisco, CA. visibleearth.nasa.gov

  15. Sequence of satellite images at different spatial resolutions over Tucson, Arizona. From MODIS (top), to Landsat-TM (lower left) and Ikonos (lower right). Source: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/

  16. Frequent observation Snow cover MODIS http://modis-snow-ice.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html

  17. Landsat images from the Mississippi river nearby St. Louis showing the impact of the 1993 floods 1988 1993 (Courtesy: EOSAT).

  18. Multitemporal changes in Mount Kilimanjaro during the last decade Landsat-5 image acquired on Feb. 17, 1993. Landsat-7 image of Feb. 21, 2000. The snow cap formed some 11,000 years ago and has shrank by 80 percent in the past century (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/).

  19. Tropical deforestation analysis of the western Venezuelan Llanos with Landsat imagery (after Chuvieco et al. 2002).

  20. Tropical forest deforestation analysis with Landsat imagery over Rondônia, Brazil http://earthshots.usgs.gov/

  21. Non-destructive sampling • LAI • Chlorophyll • Biomass • Productivity • …

  22. Real-time availability NOAA-AVHRRreceiving antenna

  23. Height retrieval Interferogram of an area in the Kamchatka Peninsula Shaded relief 3D Perspective Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) (after Short, 2008)

  24. Limitations • Only variables affecting radiance/distance are retrievable. • Technical capabilities of current technology (spatial-temporal-spectral resolution). • Surface observation (little depth penetration). • Atmospheric influences.

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