1 / 149

Impacts of HVDC Lines on the Economics of HVDC Projects Task Force JWG-B2/B4/C1.17 Brochure 388

Impacts of HVDC Lines on the Economics of HVDC Projects Task Force JWG-B2/B4/C1.17 Brochure 388. Jose Antonio Jardini João Felix Nolasco John Francis Grahan Günter Bruske

haracha
Télécharger la présentation

Impacts of HVDC Lines on the Economics of HVDC Projects Task Force JWG-B2/B4/C1.17 Brochure 388

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Impacts of HVDC Lines on the Economics of HVDC Projects Task Force JWG-B2/B4/C1.17 Brochure 388 Jose Antonio Jardini João Felix Nolasco John Francis Grahan Günter Bruske jardini@pea.usp.br nolascojf@gmail.comjohn.graham@br.abb.combruske@siemens.com

  2. Impacts of HVDC Lines on the Economics of HVDC Projects From José Antonio Jardini, João Felix Nolasco on behalf of CIGRE JWG-B2.17/B4/C1.17 João Francisco Nolasco, JWG Convenor (Brazil); José Antonio Jardini, TF Convenor (Brazil); John Francis Graham, Secretary (Brazil) Regular members: João F. Nolasco (Brazil); John F. Graham (Brazil); José A. Jardini (Brazil); Carlos A.O. Peixoto (Brazil); Carlos Gama (Brazil; Luis C. Bertola (Argentina); Mario Masuda (Brazil); Rogério P. Guimarães (Brazil); José I. Gomes (Brazil); P. Sarma Maruvada (Canada); Diarmid Loudon (Norway); Günter Bruske – (Germany); Hans-Peter Oswald (Germany); Alf Persson (Sweden); Walter Flassbeck (Germany) Corresponding members: Kees Koreman (Netherlands); Tim Wu (USA); Dzevad Muftig (South Africa); Bernard Dalle (France); Pat Naidoo (Zaire); José Henrique M. Fernandes (Brazil); Jutta Hanson (Germany); Riaz Amod Vajeth (Germany); Angus Ketley (Australia) Reviewers: Rob Stephen (South Africa); Elias Ghannoun (Canada); Samuel NguefeuGabriel Olguin (Chile) (France)

  3. Content • Overview and Configurations Studied • Transmission Line Considerations • Converter Station Cost Equation • Electrodes, Electrode Lines and Metallic Return • System Economics • Conclusions • REFERENCES

  4. Overview and Configurations Studied Configurations Table 3.1 Transmission line configuration capacities

  5. System Configuration Figure 3.2.a Ground Return Figure 3.2.b Metallic Return

  6. Table 3.2 Cases studied

  7. Table 3.3 Converter configurations studied

  8. One per pole - 3,000 MW Two Series - 6,000 MW Two Parallel - 6,000 MW Figure 3.3 Basic converter station configurations

  9. Transmission Line Considerations

  10. TOPICS • Overvoltages • Insulation Coordination • Corona Effects and Fields • Line cost • Line economics

  11. Overvoltages Switching Surge Operating Voltage Lightning

  12. Switching Surge Related to (L-C) oscillations • Energization • Reclosing • Fault Clearing • Load Rejection • Resonances • All above are important in the AC side of the stations (limitted by surge arrester) • DC side control ramp up and ramp down (no overvoltages) • Fault Application(the only one to be considered)

  13. Modeling

  14. Fault at mid point of the line base case overvoltage profile

  15. red middle, green end; of the sound pole (1,500 km line) Figure 4.2: Fault at mid point of the line, base case, overvoltage profile.

  16. Figure 4.8: 3,000 km Transmission Line

  17. Table 4.2: Sensitivity of the results. Maximum overvoltage at mid point of one pole, fault at mid point of the other pole.

  18. Insulation Coordination • Operating Voltage • Switching Surge • Lightning Surge • Insulator String • Clearances to (tower, Guy wires, Cross arm, ground, objects at ground)

  19. Contamination Severity HVDC very light light moderate heavy leakage distance cm/kV 2 - 2.5 2.5 – 3.2 3.2 – 4 4 - 7 HVAC IEC71-1 light medium heavy very heavy cm/kV(ph-ph rms) 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.1

  20. - Anti-fog insulator, pitch of 165mm and leakage distance 508mm; • hardware length: 0,25m. • ITAIPU 27 mm/kV OK

  21. Operating Voltage Clearances Table 4.4: Clearances for operating voltages (m).

  22. REGION I Line altitude: 300 to1000 m Average temperature: 16ºC Ratio of vertical/horizontal span : 0.7 wind return period: 50 years Alfa of Gumbel distribution (m/s)-1: 0.30 Beta of Gumbel distribution (m/s): 16.62 Distribution with 30 years of samples Note: mean wind intensity 10 min 18.39 m/s standard deviation of 3.68 m/s. wind intensity is 29.52 m/s for 50 year return period Terrain classification: B calculations based on CIGRE Brochure 48 REGION II ICE

  23. Swing Angle to be used together with Operating Voltage Clearances 1MCM=0.5067 mm2

  24. Insulation Coordination for Switching Surge V50= k 500 d 0,6 V50 is the insulation critical flashover (50% probability) in kV d is the gap distance in m k is the gap factor: K= 1,15 conductor-plane K= 1,30 conductor–structure under K= 1,35 conductor–structure (lateral or above) K= 1,4 conductor-guy wires K= 1,50 conductor–cross arms (with insulator string)

  25. Risk of Failure P1 Withstand (1- P1) N gaps withstand (1- P1) n Risk n 1-(1- P1) n ~ n P1 P1=0,02 2% with 200 gaps P=4%

  26. Figure 4.9: Conductor to tower clearances.

  27. Table 4.7: Swing angle to be used together with Switching Surge Clearances according [8] CIGRE Brochure 48

  28. 800 kV (I string)

  29. w  dmin 2R

  30. Pole Spacing Determination • Pole Spacing Required for Operating Voltage • DPTO = (R + dmin + (L + R) sin) 2 + w • dmin : operating voltage clearance (m) • R: bundle’s radius (m) • L: insulators string length (m) • : swing angle (degree) • w: tower width (m)

  31. I string governed by operating voltage (OV) plus conductor swing

  32. Table 4.10 - Pole Spacing (m) for Operating Voltage I strings

  33. Current capability • wind speed (lowest) 1 m/s • wind angle 45 degree • ambient temperature 35ºC • height above sea level 300 to 1000 m • solar emissivity of surface 0.5 • solar absorvity of surface 0.5 • global solar radiation 1000 W/m2 R I2 + Wrad = k Δθ + W dessip θcond = θambient + Δθ

  34. EDS Every Day Stress condition . Traction 20% of the rupture load . Temperature 20 oC

  35. Conductor (hp) and shield wire (hg) heights Conductor and shield wire height at tallest tower (2 shield wires - for one add 2.5 m to hg)

  36. Shield Wire Position position of the shield wire => to provide effective shielding against direct strokes in the conductors. The better coupling => means as closed as possible of the conductor terrain “rolling” hp*= hp b*= (hg-hp) + (Sc-Sg)(2/3) hg*= hp* +b*

  37. shield wire and conductor protection θ ground protection ground

  38. Protection angle As the shield wires should be close to the conductors a protection angle of 10 degrees can be assumed when using 2 shield wires. If one shield wire is used than the protection is almost good for tower with V strings. If I string are used than one shield wire may be used in location with low lightning activity.

  39. Table 4.14: Swing angles for ROW width definition

  40. Right Of Way ( I strings) Operating Voltage plus conductor swing due to high wind. Verification of corona effects and fields

  41. Corona effects and Fields

  42. Corona Visual G < 0.95 G0

More Related