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Unveiling Archaebacteria and Eubacteria: Phylogenetic Traits

Delve into the world of Archaebacteria and Eubacteria, the oldest known life forms on Earth with unique characteristics. Explore their structures, growth patterns, classification, and roles in the ecosystem, from beneficial to pathogenic bacteria. Learn about antibiotics, cellular respiration, reproduction methods, and more.

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Unveiling Archaebacteria and Eubacteria: Phylogenetic Traits

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  1. PART IChapter 18Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

  2. Phylogeny

  3. Characteristics • First living evidence on earth • Unicellular • Prokaryotes (No membrane-bound organelles) • Cell wall with internal plasma membrane • Found everywhere

  4. Bacteria

  5. Bacteria Structures • Cell wall – provides support and protection to the cell • Plasma membrane – flexible, selectively permeable boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell • Cytoplasm – semi-fluid material inside the cell’s plasma membrane • Ribosome – organelle that helps to manufacture proteins • DNA - stores and communicates genetic information for the cell

  6. Bacteria Structures • Pilus/pili - hairlike protrusion • to stick to surfaces • a bridge for sexual reproduction • Flagellum - long, whiplike protrusion, for moving • Capsule - sticky layers around cell wall • Toxin - a powerful poison • Endospore – found in some bacteria - resists harsh environments

  7. Flagella

  8. Capsules

  9. Endospores

  10. Endospores

  11. Classification:Three Basic Shapes • Cocci -SpheresBacilli -RodsSpirilli -Spiral

  12. Classification: • Gram stain – Cell wall type • Thick – Purple Stain = “Gram Positive” • Thin - Pink Stain = “Gram Negative”

  13. Growth Patterns • Diplo- pairs • Staphylo- clusters • Strepto- chains

  14. Streptococci

  15. Pneumonia

  16. PART IIChapter 18Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

  17. Archaebacteria – ancient bacteria

  18. Live in more habitable environments Eubacteria - “True” bacteria

  19. Cyanobacteria - “blue-green bacteria”Algae + Bacteria

  20. Sulfur Bacteria

  21. Beneficial Bacteria • Nitrogen fixation • Converts nitrogen into ammonia • a form that plants can use • Nodules • A symbiotic relationship between bacteria and plants

  22. (Beneficial Bacteria) Saprophytes (decomposers) • Breaks down dead organisms and decaying matter • Returns nutrients to soil

  23. (Beneficial Bacteria) Make food: • Cheese • Pickles • Yogurt • Vinegar • Sauerkraut

  24. Cellular Respiration

  25. Pathogenic Bacteria – disease-causing bacteria • Pathogen – an organism that causes disease • Produce toxins • Damage host’s tissues • Enter through openings in body (via air, food, water)

  26. Antibiotics:~ Destroys cell wall of bacteria~ Creates holes in the cell walls Sir Alexander Fleming1928 - discovered Penicillium notatum

  27. Air-Born

  28. Air-Born Bacteria

  29. Reproduction Asexual • Binary Fission • Cell division • Rapid - 20 min. Sexual • Conjugation – exchange genetic material • Pili/pilus - bridge

  30. Binary Fission: Asexual Reproduction

  31. Conjugation - Sexual Reproduction

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