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Old Testament Origin

Old Testament Origin. The Passover is the Old Testament feast that celebrates and remembers God’s liberation of Israel from Egypt. The Book of Exodus relates how God humbled Pharaoh and gave His people a way to escape destruction through the blood of a perfect lamb.

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Old Testament Origin

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  1. Old Testament Origin • The Passover is the Old Testament feast that celebrates and remembers God’s liberation of Israel from Egypt. • The Book of Exodus relates how God humbled Pharaoh and gave His people a way to escape destruction through the blood of a perfect lamb. • God gave Moses specific instructions. • They were to sacrifice a perfect lamb, mark their door with its blood, make unleavened bread and gather bitter herbs.

  2. Old Testament Origin • The Lamb was to be a one year old perfect male lamb. • The lamb was to be roasted whole with no broken bones. • The Israelites were to eat this last meal standing up, ready to leave Egypt at any moment. • The celebration is called “Passover” because God “passed over” the homes marked with the lamb’s blood. • The Passover feast was to be repeated yearly as a memorial meal forever.

  3. The Passover and Christ The Passover Feast marked a new year and a new beginning for the Israelites. Exodus 12:1-3The LORD said to Moses and Aaron in Egypt, 2 "This month is to be for you the first month, the first month of your [new] year. In Christ, every believer is a new creation – the old things and our old lives are made new. 2 Corinthians 5:17Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old has gone, the new has come! ÞThey were to sacrifice a one year old perfect male lamb; ÞRoast the lamb whole, without breaking any bones; ÞThey were to mark their door with the blood of the lamb; ÞThey were to eat unleavened bread and bitter herbs;

  4. The Passover and Christ A male lamb in its first year was taken home on the 10th of Nisan. It was closely inspected for any blemishes or disfigurements. If none were found, it was sacrificed on the 14th of Nisan. Christ was closely inspected by: Pilate; Herod; Annas; Caiaphas They could find no fault in him. Christ was the “lamb without blemish.” 1 Peter 1:19[You were redeemed] with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or defect.

  5. The Passover and Christ The “whole community” of God’s people was required to participate in this sacrifice. Exodus 12:6[On] the fourteenth day of the month, when all the people of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight. Receiving Christ’s sacrifice is required for all who want to be part of God’s community. Romans 3:22-25 This righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe. There is no difference, 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24 and are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus. 25 God presented him as a sacrifice of atonement, through faith in his blood.

  6. The Passover and Christ The blood of the lamb was applied to the door frame of the home where the family was eating the Passover protecting them from death. Exodus 12:7, 12Take some of the blood and put it on the sides and tops of the door-frames of the houses … 12 …when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No destructive plague will touch you… Christ’s shed blood covers us and rescues us from eternal condem-nation. Romans 3:25 5:9 God presented him as a sacrifice of atonement, through faith in his blood. ...We have now been justified by his blood!

  7. Blood on the Door

  8. The Passover and Christ The Passover was to be kept as a remembrance forever. Exodus 12:14"This is a day you are to commemorate; for the generations to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to the LORD--a lasting ordinance. During the Last Supper, Jesus says we are “to do this in remembrance of Me.” 1 Corinthians 11:24-25When He broke bread and said, "This is my body, which is for you; do this in remembrance of me." 25 In the same way, He took the cup, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood; do this, whenever you drink it, in remembrance of me."

  9. The Passover and Christ God commanded that no bones be broken on the lamb. Exodus 12:46 "It [the lamb] must be eaten inside one house; take none of the meat outside the house. Do not break any of the bones. To speed up death, Romans would break the legs of those crucified, but Jesus was already dead, so His legs were not broken. John 19:32-33 The soldiers came and broke the legs of the [men] who had been crucified with Jesus …But when they came to Jesus and found he was already dead, they did not break his legs.

  10. First Cup and Kiddush (Sanctification) Before the Seder began, a woman lit special candles to mark the beginning of this sacred time. Immediately after this, the head of the table raised the first cup of wine, the cup of sanctification, and blessed it. The Passover and the Lord's Supper Seder Lord’s Supper According to Luke 22:17-18, “After taking the cup, He gave thanks and said, Take this and divide it among you. For I tell you I will not drink again of the fruit of the wine until the kingdom of God comes.”

  11. First Hand Washing and Bitter Herbs As all are ready for the Passover meal, the leader washes his hands. Then the bowl of salted water is passed and everyone dips a piece of lettuce or parsley. Salt reminded them of the tears shed and the green herbs a new beginning. The Passover and the Lord's Supper Seder Lord’s Supper Jesus goes further and washes His disciples feet, teaching them true humility. Judas’ betrayal was likely a bitter experience for Jesus.

  12. The Afikomen The leader takes three matzo breads and places them in a special bag with three compartments. The middle matzah is taken out, broken and hidden under a pillow, called the Afikomen. Matzo are pierced and striped in the baking process. The Passover and the Lord's Supper Seder Lord’s Supper The three matzo breads represent the Triune God; the middle matzah represents Jesus. His body (bread) is pierced, stripped, broken, and then hidden away in His tomb.

  13. Four Cups of Wine The Passover and the Lord's Supper Jews would use four cups of wine in the Passover. This is based on Exodus 6:6-7 “I am the Lord and I will bring you out from the Egyptians. I will free you from being slaves and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm… I will take you as My own people…”

  14. Four Cups of Wine The Passover and the Lord's Supper

  15. The Second Cup and the Haggadah The leader takes the second cup of wine (cup of Plagues). No one drank from it until the Haggadah (the telling), the story of God’s redemption from Egypt is completely told. The Passover and the Lord's Supper Seder Lord’s Supper At the second cup, Jesus re-interprets the Passover by giving greater meaning to the unleavened bread and the sacrificed lamb. Jesus is the Bread of Life and the Lamb of God for our rescue.

  16. The Haggadah The Passover and the Lord's Supper The Haggadah includes asking and answering four questions. Today, the Haggadah is the central part of the Passover. These four questions and their answers became the teaching of the faith for each Jewish Family.

  17. The Haggadah – Four Questions The Passover and the Lord's Supper • Why must we eat only unleavened bread tonight? • Why must we eat bitter herbs tonight? • Why do we dip the bitter herbs twice tonight? • Why do we eat standing and not reclining like other meals?

  18. The Haggadah – Unleavened Bread The leader explains: “we eat bread without yeast because the Israelites did not have time for their bread to rise when they left Egypt.” The Passover and the Lord's Supper Seder Lord’s Supper Yeast was a metaphor for the bad influence of sin in our lives. As we are made new in Christ, we get rid of the leaven, which is the old life of sin.

  19. The Haggadah – Dipping Bitter Herbs The leader explains: “we eat bitter herbs to remember the Israelites’ terrible life of slavery in Egypt. We dip them in salt water to remember the tears that our forefathers shed while in slavery.” The Passover and the Lord's Supper Seder Lord’s Supper Jesus terrible suffering prior to and while on the cross was very bitter indeed. While on the cross the soldiers give Jesus gaul to drink, old wine vinegar, a very bitter drink.

  20. The Haggadah – Why Stand? The leader explains: “we stand for this meal tonight to remember how our forefathers had to be ready to leave any moment. The Passover and the Lord's Supper Seder Lord’s Supper While there is no direct relationship to Jesus, it is worth noting that Jesus was “standing” while on His cross.

  21. The Haggadah - Hallel At the end of Haggadah, the leader raised the 2nd cup and invited everyone to sing the first part of the Hallel (praise), Psalms 113-114. Then everyone drank the 2nd cup, the cup of plagues. The Passover and the Lord's Supper Seder Lord’s Supper The NT does not give specific details about Jesus raising the 2nd cup, Luke just reports that He did pass this cup (22:17). This also maybe the “cup of suffering” that Jesus often referred to.

  22. The lamb is now served. When all were finished eating, the leader offered a blessing on the 3rd cup, the cup of redemption. Then all drank from it. The Passover and the Lord's Supper The Grace after the Meal & 3rd Cup Seder Lord’s Supper Jesus, after supper, gave thanks and distributes the 3rd cup, saying: “This is my Blood of [this] covenant, shed for the forgiveness of sins” (Matthew 26:27-28).

  23. The 2nd Part of Hallel & 4th Cup Then everyone would recite the second part of the Hallel, Psalms 115-118. Finishing the singing, all drank the 4th cup, the cup of Praise. The Passover and the Lord's Supper Seder Lord’s Supper Matthew reports that after finishing the Lord’s Supper, “They sang a hymn and then went out to the Mount of Olives.”

  24. 2nd Part of Hallel & 4th Cup The Passover and the Lord's Supper The 4th cup may not have been shared, since there is no mention of it in the Gospels. This has led many to think that Jesus said over this cup, “I tell you, I will not drink of this fruit of the vine from now on until that day when I drink it anew with you in my Father's kingdom“ (Matthew 26:29).

  25. Recipes for Passover • Charoset: is a Passover dish that looks like the mortar the Israelite slaves made for Pharaoh. • Passover Rolls: • Low-Fat Potato Latkes (Pancakes): In Your Packet – Three Receipes

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