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World War II

World War II. The War Begins!. Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939. Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]. German Troops March into Warsaw. Blitzkrieg – “Lightning war” Tanks on ground, air attack, paratroopers Germany seizes Poland France Sitzkrieg – “Sitting war” “Bore War” or “Phony War”

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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. The War Begins!

  3. Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939 Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]

  4. German Troops March into Warsaw

  5. Blitzkrieg – “Lightning war” Tanks on ground, air attack, paratroopers Germany seizes Poland France Sitzkrieg – “Sitting war” “Bore War” or “Phony War” Waiting for Germany to attack Maginot Line “Concrete bunkers and fortifications on the France/Germany border” Poland & France

  6. French troops wait… Germany defeats Poland… French troops wait… Attack & defeat Norway & Denmark… French troops wait… Plan to go around the Maginot Line Have to get Belgum, Nether., and Luxemb. and they do. France

  7. France – False Sense of Security? The MaginotLine

  8. France and Brittan send troops to Belgium But not through the countryside, but rather the mountains Germans smash through French line easily British and French troops trapped in Belgium France

  9. The “Phony War” Ends:Spring, 1940

  10. Trapped soldiers need help Dunkirk – only uncaptured port Hitler ordered a stop (not sure why…) 3 days of no fighting 850 ships (all sizes) evacuate troops Hoped to save 45,000 soldiers Save 338,000 soldiers, leave supplies France surrenders 3 weeks later Miracle at Dunkirk

  11. Dunkirk EvacuatedJune 4, 1940

  12. France SurrendersJune, 1940

  13. Germans control N. France S. France =- puppet gov’t Marshal Philippe Pétain (pay•TAN) Headquarters in Vichy (VEESH•ee) Charles de Gaulle – set up a gov’t in exile Wanted to reconquer France France Falls

  14. A Divided France Henri Petain

  15. Now Britain Is All Alone!

  16. Winston Churchill Peace not an option, “We shall never surrender.” Hitler now invades Britain, but how… Few transport ships – RAF Luftwaffe – shipping first, then air battle Bomb London by accident Respond by bombing Berlin British have two secret weapons… Radar & Enigma machine Battle of Britain

  17. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill

  18. Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”

  19. The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz

  20. The Royal Air Force

  21. Mussolini attacks Egypt (Suez Canal) Oil was key here Push British back, start to dig in G.B. makes a BIG comeback (130,000 prisoners) Hitler steps in to help General Erwin Rommel British caught off guard – retreat to Libya G.B. comes back again – pushes Rommel back Rommel comes back, takes Libya – Wins “Desert Fox” Mediterranean

  22. Hitler still has dream of taking U.S.S.R. Bulgaria, Romania, & Hungry join axis Yugoslavia & Greece resist Both fall in less than a month Hitler in position to invade U.S.S.R. now Operation Barbarossa Huge surprise to the Soviets Balkans

  23. Operation Barbarossa:Hitler’s Biggest Mistake

  24. Scorched-earth policy Reach Leningrad – surround city Starve them into surrender Hold out – eat anything they can Animal food, dogs, cats, rats, & crows 1 million people die, but do not give up Hitler gets tired of waiting – Moscow Soviets fight back, hold out “No retreat!” – ½ million lives lost Soviet Union

  25. Neutrality Act of ’39 “Cash & carry” Loophole – Did not mention trades… Destroyers-for-Bases Deal G.B. has no more $$ Lend-Lease Act “Rent/lease weapons to countries ‘vital to the defense of the U.S.’” FDR’s Support

  26. U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941 Great Britain.........................$31 billionSoviet Union...........................$11 billionFrance......................................$ 3 billionChina.......................................$1.5 billionOther European.................$500 millionSouth America...................$400 millionThe amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

  27. Lend-Lease

  28. “Anyone who fights Nazism, gets our support.” Hemispheric defense zone “W. ½ of the Atlantic = part of W. Hemis.” Atlantic Charter “Postwar world of democracy, free trade, freedom of seas, and economic advancement.” Stand-off in the Atlantic b/t U.S. & Germ. Hitler – “Sink any & every cargo ship” FDR – “Sink any & every U-boat” Closer to War

  29. The Atlantic Charter • Roosevelt and Churchill sign treaty of friendship in August 1941. • Solidifies alliance. • Fashioned after Wilson’s 14 Points. • Calls for League of Nations type organization.

  30. Japan’s PacificCampaign Section 2

  31. U.S. = prevent an attack of British ships in Asia Export Control Act “Restrict sale of materials needed for fighting a war” Japan is furious – signs on with Axis U.S. gives aid to China Japan gets into position to attack British shipping Japan

  32. Axis Powers in 1942

  33. FDR sends in Douglas MacArthur to Philippines & restricts oil shipment to Japan War with China in Jeopardy, look elsewhere Philippines have rich oil deposits Nov., 26, 1941 set sail to Pearl Harbor Japan

  34. Warning of an attack by Japanese (11-27) Doubt they’d attack Hawaii Failure to share information b/t branches December 7, 1941 21 Ships 8 Battleships 3 Cruisers 4 Destroyers 6 Other Vessels 188 Airplanes Pearl Harbor

  35. Pearl Harbor

  36. Admiral Yamamoto

  37. Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot

  38. Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941 A date which will live in infamy!

  39. President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War

  40. USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

  41. Pearl Harbor Memorial 2,887 Americans Dead!

  42. Philippines – Bataan (buh•TAN) Peninsula Take many British holdings in Asia Treated captured troops VERY poorly Retreat to the Bataan Peninsula Hold out for 3 months (Not looking good…) Retreat to Australia – Captured first 78,000 POWs, March 65 miles to prison camp 1000s die in the Bataan Death March Japanese Victories

  43. Bataan Death March: April, 1942 76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW camps in the Philippines.

  44. Bataan: British Soldiers A Liberated British POW

  45. FDR needs to boost morale – Tokyo Could not get close enough B-25 Bombers – Take off, but not land… Bomb Japan, then travel to China James Doolittle – Hornet April 18, Bombs fall on Japan for first time Allies Strike Back

  46. Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle:First U. S. Raids on Tokyo, 1942

  47. Doolittle’s raid’s effect Change strategy Two separate attacks Coral Sea Midway Japanese Strategy

  48. Japan thought their plans were secret U.S. already decoded the secret code New kind of battle… Chester Nimitz = carriers to Coral Sea Yorktown and Lexington Lexington sinks Yorktown badly damaged Hold off Japanese, keep supply lines open Battle of the Coral Sea

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