1 / 90

NORTH VS. SOUTH

NORTH VS. SOUTH. STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, MILITARY STRATERGY, AND BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR. NORTHERN CHARACTERISTICS. Diverse, fast growing population High concentration of railroads Many factories producing manufactured goods Well-developed telegraph system. Southern Characteristics.

heidi-dixon
Télécharger la présentation

NORTH VS. SOUTH

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. NORTH VS. SOUTH STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, MILITARY STRATERGY, AND BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR

  2. NORTHERN CHARACTERISTICS • Diverse, fast growing population • High concentration of railroads • Many factories producing manufactured goods • Well-developed telegraph system

  3. Southern Characteristics • Economy based on agriculture • Reliance on Slave labor • Few cities • Few factories • Further between towns- less developed railroads

  4. NORTHERN ADVANTAGES • Population: North: 21.5 million > South: 9 Million • Railroad Mileage: North: 21,700 Miles > South: (Not same gage) 9,000 Miles • Factories: 110,100 > 20,600 • At the start of the war, the value of all manufactured goods produced in all the Confederate states added up to less than one-fourth of those produced in New York State alone.

  5. Northern Disadvantages • Divided public opinion- some didn’t want free slaves • Away from homes- climate • Under-trained and timid generals

  6. SOUTHERN ADVANTAGES • LEADERSHIP: 7 of 8 military schools located in the South- Most officers went with South • MILITARY TACTICS: South was defending which meant was less costly: “War of attrition”- Bleed opponent to death • MORALE: Southerners were more willing to fight-felt to preserve way of life- Some Northerners thought it was to free slave and they didn’t want that

  7. Southern Weaknesses • Agricultural Economy- Can’t shoot cotton balls • No navy and army- Had to Develop • No national government- Still for strong states rights • Few railroads

  8. NORTHERN TACTICS: Anaconda Plan- Crush the South • Control Mississippi River: Split West & East • Control Major Rail Road Junctions: Stop Southern supplies • Blockade South: Cut off trade of cotton- cut off money • Take Richmond: Capital of South • Organized by Winfield Scott • Felt it would take 3 years and 300,000 men

  9. Northern Tactics: Anaconda Plan’s Weakness • Navy- Couldn’t fully blockade South • Army was small • Underestimated the will of South

  10. BORDER STATES • Had to treat Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware and Marylandwith kid gloves- keep them happy • Reason Lincoln didn’t free slaves in that area during the Emancipation Proclamation

  11. MEDICINE AND TECHNOLOGY

  12. DISEASES • No knowledge about how diseases were spread • Highest chance of dying of diseases came within the first 5-6 months: Why? • For every one solider that died of wounds, 2 died of diseases: Diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid, etc.

  13. AMPUTATIONS • 3 out 4soldiers were hit in the extremities (arms & legs) • Accounted for 75 % of all the surgeries • Would use same saw all day, wiped on apron if too slick / No Anesthesia

  14. Clara Barton • “Angel of the Battlefield” • Worked in the patent office- resigned to become a nurse • Organized, petition, and collected medical supplies for the troops • After the war, started the American Red Cross

  15. Modern War • With all of its advancements, the Civil War is considered the first modern war

  16. RIFLED GUNS • Go greater distance and be more destructive than previous wars • Made direct, frontal charges more deadly- Pickett’s Charge • Had more of an impact on the severity of the war than any other weapon advancement

  17. Shells and Canister • Replaced cannon balls • Artillery would go over battle field, explode, and send shrapnel over the field- more like a bomb

  18. TELEGRAPH • Made communications among troops, regiments, and capitals more efficient • Made communications more secure • First air to ground communications: From Hot Air Balloon

  19. RAILROADS • Movement of troops and supplies quicker- allowed for larger armies because didn’t have to march

  20. HOT AIR BALLOONS • Allowed for spying and recon. • Developed by North, Lincoln wanted to us, refused at first in field • Other troops would attempt to shoot down balloons

  21. Iron- Clad Ship • Metal covered ship- more durable meant longer Navy battles • Developed by South 1st, but info. Was leaked to the North • Monitor (Union-All iron) vs. Merrimack (Confederates- iron plates)- First navy battle between iron ships: Union Victory

  22. THEMERRIMACK- CONFEDERATES THE MONITOR: UNION

  23. Technology: Others • Submarines • Torpedoes- depth charges

  24. Major Civil War Battles

  25. Jefferson Davis • President of the Confederate States of America

  26. Abraham Lincoln • 16th President of the United States • Elected in 1860 • Took Office in 1861 • Assassinated April 14, 1865 by John Wilkes Booth

  27. Robert E. Lee • Commander of the Army of Virginia • Confederate

  28. Ulysses S. Grant • Commanded army in the west • Took Vicksburg • Brought to the east to fill in for the inept generals • Lee surrendered to Grant • “Unconditional Surrender” Grant

  29. Other Union Generals • George McClellan- • Ambrose Burnside- • Joseph Hooker- • George Meade- • Winfield Scott-

  30. Other Confederate Generals • Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson- • P.G.T Beauregard- • James Longstreet- • Joseph Johnston- Braxton Braggs- John B. Hood-

  31. Fort Sumter • First battle of Civil War • Confederates fire on fort located in Charleston (SC) Harbor • Union held fort for 34 hours and abandoned fort • Only death came when shooting cannon for 100 gun salute

  32. First Bull Run • First major land battle • Union troops were unprepared- Reporters from D.C. followed troops • Located in Manassas, VA- major railroad junction • Started to push them back, but “Stonewall” Jackson rallied troops • Union forced to retreat back to Washington with major and embarrassing defeat • This battle showed the war would not be easy

  33. The Battle of Shiloh • Took place in the western theater of the war • Took place near Corinth, MS on TN and MS border • Union troops had to fall back after first day, but U.S Grant would not retreat- Proves his willingness to fight • Union won battle • Shiloh was the bloodiest single day (until Antietam) of fighting in war and ended all hope that this would be a quick war

  34. Monitor vs. Merrimack • Merrimack- Southern wooden ship with iron bolted to it • Monitor- Union ship, completely of iron, took 100 days • Fought to a draw, but Merrimack withdrew- never to meet again • Wooden navies would now be obsolete

  35. Battle of Antietam • AKA- Battle of Sharpsburg (Known as this mainly in South) • Lee hoped a victory on Northern soil would increase European support • McClellan (U) figured out where the Confederates were because of Lee’s orders wrapped around cigars were found – but he delayed and gave Lee time to prepare • Lee’s 14,000 causalities (in 1 day) was a 1/3 of his army

  36. Battle of Antietam • Became the BLOODIEST SINGLE DAY of war • McClellan could have crushed Lee’s army but delayed • With great Union victory, Lincoln issued hisEmancipation Proclamation

  37. Emancipation Proclamation • Issued after the Battle of Antietam • Stated that effective January 1, 1863- All slaves held in areas still in rebellion would be free (Did NOT free all slaves) • Was limited because of border states of KY, MO, and MD- Lincoln did not want to force them towards the Confederates • Northerners feared an influx of uneducated African Americans from the south would threaten their jobs, but many were in favor- Continued split in the North • Many Southerners did not recognize Lincoln’s right to pass a law in their country because they felt they were no longer part of the United States • Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not free all the slaves, it did mark a significant shift from the war being simply about the unification of the Union, to the ending of slavery.

  38. Ambrose Burnside • Because of his delay, Lincoln again removed McClellan from command and gave it to Ambrose Burnside (From Liberty, IN)

More Related