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Comprehensive Guide to Power Supplies: Troubleshooting and Specifications

This chapter delves into the intricacies of power supplies, covering standard power supplies that convert AC to DC, sizes, wattage requirements, and connector types. It emphasizes the importance of considering physical dimensions and compatibility when replacing power supplies, especially between AT and ATX styles. The chapter also outlines potential power failures, their causes, and the significance of protective devices like surge suppressors and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). Understanding these elements is crucial for ensuring reliable computer performance and safeguarding hardware.

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Comprehensive Guide to Power Supplies: Troubleshooting and Specifications

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  1. Chapter Overview • Power Supplies • Power Supply Problems

  2. Overview of Power Supplies • The standard power supply • Converts AC to DC • “Conditions” power by evening out fluctuations • Requires a fan • Standard power in U.S. is 110 volts alternating current (VAC) oscillating at 60 hertz (Hz). • You must consider physical size, wattage, and connector types when replacing a power supply.

  3. Power Supply Sizes • Power supply sizes are based on the type of case and motherboard connections. • The AT-style is found on older computers and earlier Pentium systems. • The ATX-style (current technology) is found on Pentium II and later systems. • You should compare the existing power supply with the new one before replacing it.

  4. Power Supply Wattage • A watt is a unit of electrical power equivalent to one volt-ampere. • Total wattage needs are determined by adding the power required for each device, plus more power for startup. • General-use computers require 130–205 watts. • Servers and high-performance workstations require 350–500 watts.

  5. Power Supply Connectors

  6. Connections to Peripheral Hardware

  7. Extenders and Splitters • An extender lengthens the reach of a power connector. • A splitter increases the number of connections.

  8. Power Failures • Power failures can have internal or external causes. • External failures, which are more common, include • Surges • Spikes • Sags • Brownouts • Blackouts

  9. Power Protection Devices • A surge suppressor • Filters the effects of voltage spikes and surges • Smoothes out power variations • An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is an inline battery backup.

  10. Power Supply Problems

  11. Chapter Summary • The AT-style power supply is used for older motherboards and the ATX-style power supply is used for newer motherboards. • Peripheral devices use Molex connectors and mini connectors. • Different types of power failures can cause computer problems and can damage computer equipment. • Surge suppressors and UPS devices can protect computer equipment.

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