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Chapter 9

Chapter 9. Predicting Reaction Products. 1. Single Replacement Reactions. Single Replacement Reactions occur when one element replaces another in a compound. A metal can replace a metal (+) OR a nonmetal can replace a nonmetal (-). element + compound  compound + element

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Chapter 9

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  1. Chapter 9 Predicting Reaction Products

  2. 1. Single Replacement Reactions • Single Replacement Reactionsoccur when one element replaces another in a compound. • A metal can replace a metal (+) OR a nonmetal can replace a nonmetal (-). • element + compound compound + element A + BC  AC + B (if A is a metal)OR A + BC  BA + C (if A is a nonmetal) (remember the cation always goes first!) When H2O splits into ions, it splits into H+ and OH- (not H+ and O2- !!)

  3. Single Replacement Reactions • Predict the products of the following reaction: • Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl). Al(s) + HCl(aq) Al(s) + HCl(aq) AlCl3(aq) + H2(g)

  4. Practice • Al + Sn3P2 → • Cr(NO3)3 + Pb → • F2 + Na2O → • Na + water →

  5. 2. Double Replacement Reactions • Double Replacement Reactionsoccur when the cations in two compounds switch places. • compound + compound  compound + compound • AB + CD  AD + CB

  6. Double Replacement Reactions • To build your two new compounds switch the cations. Check ion charges to build neutral compounds and write the cation first. • Example: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(s)  • Another example: K2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq)  AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) KNO3(aq)+ BaSO4(s)

  7. Practice • HCl + AgNO3  • CaCl2 + Na3PO4  • Pb(NO3)2 + BaCl2  • FeCl3 + NaOH

  8. 3. Decomposition Reactions • Thesimplest decomposition reactions occur when a binary compound breaks up into its elements. Compound  Element + Element • In general: AB  A + B • Example: 2 H2O  2H2 + O2 • Example: 2 HgO  2Hg + O2

  9. Decomposition PbO2(s)  AlN(s) 

  10. Practice • Mg3P2 → • LiCl →

  11. 4. Synthesis reactions • The simplest Synthesis reactions occur when two elements combine and form a binarycompound. element + element  compound • Basically: A + B  AB • Example: 2H2 + O2  2H2O • Example: Fe+ Cl2  FeCl2

  12. Synthesis Na(s) + Cl2(g) 

  13. Practice • Mg(s) + F2(g)  • Al(s) + O2(g) 

  14. Combustion • Combustion reactions combine a hydrocarbon with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. C5H12 + O2 CO2 + H2O

  15. Practice • C10H22 + O2  • C12H22O11 + O2 

  16. Predicting the Products of Reactions – In Class Examples (In Notebook) • HgO Hg + O2 • Al + Pb(NO3)2Pb + Al(NO3)3 • K + water  H2 + KOH • N2O5 N2 + O2 • PbCl2 + Li2SO4 LiCl + PbSO4

  17. Predicting the Products of Reactions – In Class Examples • Cl2 + LiI LiCl + I2 • H2 + O2 H2O • AgNO3 + K2SO4KNO3 + Ag2SO4 • CH3OH + O2CO2 + H2O • Pb + Cu(NO3)2Cu + Pb(NO3)2 or Pb(NO3)4

  18. Predicting the Products of Reactions – In Class Examples • C3H8 + O2CO2 + H2O • MgBr2 + FePO4 Mg3(PO4)2 + FeBr3 • Li2S  Li + S • K + Br2 KBr

  19. Homework • “6 example problems” (on the back of Prediction of Reaction Products – In Class Examples).

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