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Exploring the Rich Tapestry of Music: Elements, Styles, and Periods

This comprehensive overview delves into various musical elements including tempo, dynamics, and texture. It highlights specific styles such as Indian classical music, blues/jazz, and plainsong, showcasing their unique characteristics. Key concepts such as raga, tala, polyphonic texture, and improvisation are discussed, alongside the fundamentals of musical form like binary and ternary structures. The historical contexts of the Baroque and Classical periods, with their distinctive instruments and techniques, are explored, revealing the intricate connections within the world of music.

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Exploring the Rich Tapestry of Music: Elements, Styles, and Periods

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Area of study 2

  2. General musical words • Tempo - speed • Dynamics – louds and softs • Texture - way the layers and parts work together

  3. Indian classical music • Raga - • Indian scale (represents different time of day/mood etc); melody; sitar (indian guitar) sometimes pitch bends the notes • Improvise on notes of scale • Tala – • Indian rhythmic cycle; tabla (indian drum) • Drone – • Played on tanpura, throughout piece • Polyphonic texture (many layers weaving in and out of each other)

  4. Serialism • Atonal (no sense of key) • Melody is very disjunct (leaps around a lot) • Chromatic (music often moves by semitones (very next door notes)) • Uses all 12 notes in a tone row • Composer puts all 12 notes in a certain order called the prime order • They may then be played backwards (retrograde), upside down (inversion) or backwards and upside down (retrograde inversion) • Composer: Webern

  5. Blues/Jazz • Rhythm section: bass, drum kit, piano • Front line: trumpet, sax, trombone, clarinet • Other: guitar (blues) • Singers sing the Blues • 12 bar blues • Improvisation • Syncopated (off beat) rhythms • Walking bass • Blues notes • Swing rhythms (not straight, dotted) • Pitch bends on notes • Call and response • Comping – piano playing on every beat

  6. Voices • High woman soprano • Low woman alto • High man tenor • Low man bass • Trained (classical) /untrained (folk or blues etc) • Small or big range? • Bending notes • Sliding (glissando) • Pure sound or scratchy/raspy/breathy • Improvising? • Look at notes from trial • What does the voice sound like? • How does it fit with the other parts? • Vibrato (wobble on voice)

  7. Plainsong (plainchant) • Monophonic (one line of music) • Unison (all sing together) • Monks/all male • Sung in Latin • Modal (in the middle of major/minor) • Unaccompanied (a cappella) • Music is dictated by the rhythm of the words (no bar lines etc) • Small range • Music normally moves by step and small leap • Often sung in church or building with large acoustic (sounds like it’s echoing )

  8. Folk song • Think ‘Salley Gardens’ from trial and look at notes from there too • Music for the people • Small range • Often arranged in 4 lines • Lines 1,2 and 4 normally the same, 3 different • May sound modal or use pentatonic (5 note scale) • Songs about people’s day to day life e.g in the fields or canals etc • May be asked about the style of singing (normally untrained etc)

  9. Musical form • Binary AB 2 sections both different • Ternary ABA 3 sections where A returns at the end again • Rondo ABACA 5 or more sections where A keeps returning with different fillings in between • Verse and chorus

  10. Features of the Baroque Period • 1600-1750 • Harpsichord • Primary chords • High trumpet • Flute, oboe • Medium sized orchestra • Based around the strings • Continuo (repeated bass line played on harpsichord, organ, cello) • Terraced dynamics (loud then soft) • Ornamentation • Bach, Handel

  11. Features of the Classical period • Clarinet and piano • Small orchestra • Based around strings • Clear cadences • Balanced phrases • Primary harmony • Musical structures such as Rondo form • Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn • Ornamentation

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