Day 1 Ch. 16

1. 1 Day 1 Ch. 16 • "There is no such thing as bravery only degrees of fear“ • J.Wainright • Imp Q's– • What caused World War I? • SL 1-7 • Crossword Puzzle, • Assassination creative writing, • Flow of events chart

2. 2 World War I1914 - 1918

3. 3 The Great War • World War I was fought around the world and was also the most destructive war that the world had ever seen. During its on time it was referred to as The Great War, and was called that until WWII.

4. 4 What Caused the War? Long Term Causes • Militarism • Building up armed forces and getting ready for war • Alliances • Agreements or promises to defend and help another country • Imperialism • Trying to build an empire • Nationalism • Having Pride in your country and being ready to defend it

5. 5 Short Term Cause • The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand • Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the Austrian Hungarian Throne • In 1914 He was touring Bosnia, which Austria had annexed

6. 6 Important terms of The Assassination • Black Hand – A Serbian Terrorist group who was fighting to protect its nation from Austrian expansion.(They wanted Bosnia to be part of a Serbian kingdom ) • Gavrilo Princip – a young Serbian Nationalist who assassinated the Austrian Crown Prince • The Balkans – called “the powder keg” of Europe because one spark might explode the whole region to war

7. 7 Flow of Events • Germany writes Austria a “blank check” saying that they will support them fully • Austria gives Serbia an Ultimatum- List of Demands • Serbia does not meet the demands • Austria attacks Serbia • Russia mobilizes its army • Germany declares war on France and Russia • Germany sends ultimatum to Belgium demanding the right for its troops to pass through Belgium • Great Britain then declares war on Germany for violating Belgium's’ neutrality.

8. 8 Day 2 • With what vegetable do you throw away the outside, cook the inside, eat the outside, and throw away the inside? • Imp Q's– • What caused World War I? • Who fought in the war? • SL 8 -12 • Causes Graphic Organizer • Map of alliances

9. 9 Who fought in the War?

10. 10 Who fought in the war? • The war was truly a worldwide war because of the colonies that the European countries held. • Colonies sent troops to fight for the “Mother” country • Ex: Canadians & S. Africans fought for the British • Central Powers / Triple Alliance – Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria • Allied Powers/ Triple Entente – France, Russia, Great Britain, and later the U.S. (Italy)

11. 11 War Strategy • Because Germany was surrounded by enemies they had to fight a two front war • Schleiffen Plan • Germany’s strategy to stay in a holding pattern with Russia, while it devoted most of its resources to quickly defeating France • Named after German general Alfred Von Schlieffen

12. 12 New Weapons used in World War I • Machine Gun • Trench Warfare • Tanks • Poison Gas • Grenades • Flame throwers • Planes • Submarine (U-boats)

13. 13 Day 3 • "Speaking without thinking is like shooting without taking aim" • Spanish Proverb • Imp Q's– • How was the war fought? • What did the Russian Rev. pertain to WWI? • SL 13-22 • Trench Warfare Diagram and Strategy activity • Lenin Handout (Bloody Sunday)

14. 14 A new style of fighting • To counter the deadly effects of the machine gun, a new style of fighting was adopted during WWI called Trench Warfare • Trench Warfare is when an army digs trenches and fights the opposing army from them.

15. 15 Diagram of Trench Warfare

16. 16 Two major theatres of Battle • Western Front • The most fierce battle of WWI took place on the borders of France and Germany • Eastern Front • The borders of Germany and Russia

17. 17 Images of WW I

18. 18 Five major battles of the war • Marne • 2nd Marne • Somme • Verdun • Tannenberg

19. 19 Russia drops out of the War • Because of a revolution and change of government back home, Russia has to drop out of the war in 1917 • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • A treaty between Russia and Germany where Russia gave up a lot of land to Germany in return for a peaceful exit from the war. (Poland, etc.)

20. 20 The Russian Revolution

21. 21 Why did Russia have a Revolution during a war? • Russia had a high peasant population and was a very poor country compared to Britain, France, and German because they weren’t industrialized. • The People had to sacrifice a lot during the war • Soldiers lacked necessary equipment and were undertrained • Some soldiers were even sent into battle without guns and instructed to pick one up from a dead comrade • Peasants protested to the Czar to improve living conditions

22. 22 Important people of the Russian Rev. • Romanov's – Royal Family of Russia • Czar Nicolas II – Leader of Russians • Anastasia – Grand duchess of Russia (daughter of Czar Nicholas II). Legend has it that she escaped from the assassination of her family. • Rasputin – Mysterious Advisor to Czarina Alexandra

23. 23 Important terms of the Russian Revolution • Bolsheviks – A political party in Russia that was dedicated to violent revolution in Russia. • Were influenced by the theories of Karl Marx and would later become the Communists • “Peace Land and Bread” • Popular Bolshevik Campaign slogan • V.I. Lenin – Leader of the Bolsheviks • Bloody Sunday- Peaceful Protests turn violent. Czars forces kill many unarmed civilians

24. 24 Day 4 • DQ: What relationship does war have with money? Why are nations that have more of it at an advantage? • Imp Q's– • Why (When, How) did America get involved in the conflict? • SL 23 – 30 • Zimmerman Note • Lusitania handout

25. 25 How did the U.S. get involved? • The Sinking of the Lusitania • In 1915 A German U-boat sank a British passenger liner killing over 1,000 people including 128 Americans. Germany accused the British of transporting arms on civilian ships • The Zimmerman Note • The British intercepted a telegram from the German foreign minister to the Mexican President. In the note, the Germans promised to help Mexico to regain territory lost in the Mexican- American war, if they went to war against the U.S. • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • Despite the Sussex pledge, the Germans resumed its policy of sinking all foreign ships entering enemy ports and sunk three more American ships. As a result President Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany

26. 26 The Home Front • There was strong anti-war feelings in the U.S., many thought that it wasn’t our war to fight. • Nevertheless, after Germany kept sinking American ships, public opinion changed and citizens diligently supported the war effort. • With millions of young men going to the frontlines in Europe, Women stepped in to fill factory jobs. • This opened the door for women to work outside the home. • 19TH Amendment (Constitution) • Women gained the right to vote • Total War • When a nation devotes all its resources and people to the war effort

27. 27 What Impact did the U.S have on the War? (CONT.) • Over a million Fresh American troops and important American resources poured into Europe by the end of 1917 and 1918 • American forces were vital to breaking the German’s lines. (Especially since Russia was out of the war and Germany only had to fight a one front war). • At the Second Battle of the Marne, American, French, and British forces stopped the last German offensive and drove the German’s back.

28. 28 The End of the War • With the addition of the U.S. and Russia out of the war both alliances attempted to break the Stalemate on the Western Front. • This led to a series of German offensives in March of 1918. (Second Battle of the Marne) • French, and American forces stopped the German advance and The allies started driving the Germans back • While the German army was retreating, the German economy collapsed and could no longer support the war. • In September 1918, Germany asks for armistice so a peace settlement could be reached. • Armistice- agreement to stop fighting

29. 29 Important People • Paul Von Hindenburg • Top German general • Eric Ludendorff • Top German field Command • Alvin C. York • U.S. soldier who won the Medal of Honor • George Pershing • Top U.S. General • Adolf Hitler • German Soldier

30. 30 Woodrow Wilson and Fourteen Points • Woodrow Wilson was the President of the U.S during WWI • In his Fourteen points, he outlined his plan for peace following WW I.

31. 31 Main Topics of Fourteen Points • A league of nations to mediate differences between nations. • Respect rights of Neutral nations. • Self Determination • Open Seas

32. 32 Day 5 • "It is better to deserve honors not have them than to have honors and not deserve them“ • M. Twain • Imp Q's • What were the major battles? • How did the war end? • Battle Packet – Handouts of 5 major battles

33. 33 Day 6 • Two men play 5 games of checkers Both of them win 3 games each, and there are no ties. How? • Imp Q's– • What was the treaty of Versailles? • What were effects of the war? • SL 33 – 40

34. 34 The peace process • After Germany surrendered, leaders from the major countries met in Paris France at the Palace of Versailles. • (1919) • This event ended WWI and became known as the Treaty of Versailles

35. 35 The Big Four • Woodrow Wilson (USA) • David L. George (Britain) • Georges Clemenceu (France) • Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

36. 36 The Treaty of Versailles • The treaty of Versailles had six main components: • 1) Germany had to pay war reparations to the allies • 2) Germany was stripped of all its overseas colonies • 3) Germany had to sign a war guilt clause • 4) Germany, Austria- Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire all lost territory • 5) League of Nations was created. • 6). Germany’s military was limited to 100,000 men.

37. 37 The Casualties of the War

38. 38 Effects of the War • As a result Of WW I almost 10 million people lost their lives. • It is often called the lost generation because most of the one who died was between the ages of 18 – 25.

39. 39 Effects continued • New nations were created out of German, Austrian, Russian, and Ottoman lands. • (Compare to the Europe map in 1914)

40. 40 Effects continued • Although the peace terms were set it was a bitter peace and would lead to a more devastating war, not even 20 years later.

41. 41 Day 7 • "I can sum up everything that I have learned about life in three words… it goes on“ • Robert Frost • Ch 16 Test