1 / 35

The Periodic Table

Test your knowledge of the periodic table and element families by identifying elements based on their characteristics. Use a periodic table to find the correct answers.

hover
Télécharger la présentation

The Periodic Table

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Periodic Table

  2. Periodic Table Basics Challenge 1 T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/

  3. Use a periodic table and your knowledge of the element families to identify each element by name. 1. I am a member of the Carbon family with 14 electrons. 2. I am a member of the Alkaline Earth family and would have 6 energy levels. 3. I am a halide that is a liquid at room temperature. 4. I am a transition metal with 79 protons. 5. I am a member of the Alkali Metal family with 20 neutrons.

  4. The answers are … 1. I am a member of the Carbon family with 14 electrons. 2. I am a member of the Alkaline Earth family and would have 6 energy levels. 3. I am a halide that is a liquid at room temperature. 4. I am a transition metal with 79 protons. 5. I am a member of the Alkali Metal family with 20 neutrons. Silicon Barium Bromine Gold Potassium

  5. Dimitri Mendeleev • arranged the elements into rows in order of increasing mass • elements with similar properties = same column • INCOMPLETE table • Father of the Modern Periodic Table

  6. Periodic Table • Tool for chemists • Atomic # • Mass # • Electron Configuration • Etc… • Modern Periodic Table: is arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

  7. Periodic Table

  8. Periodic Law • properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups. • Periods: ROW in periodic table • Groups: COLUMN on periodic table • Peri=“around” and hodos= “path” • Properties repeat from left to right across each period.

  9. Periodic Organization • Elements: classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids • metals (left) • nonmetals (right) • metalloids (middle-staircase) Pull out your blank periodic table now.

  10. The Breakdown

  11. 1. Metals • Form (+) Ions : AKA: CATIONS • good conductors of electric current and heat • malleable • ductile: can be drawn into thin wires • Lustrous (shiny) • High MP • solid at room temp (except mercury) • Low ionization energy • Low electronegativity • some extremely radioactive, some are do not react easily: • Make up the majority of the PT

  12. Metals • Alkali Metals: 1A • Alkali Earth Metals: 2A • Transition metals : characterized by “d” orbitals • form compounds with distinctive colors • Other Metals: left of metalloids • Inner Transition Metals: characterized by “f” orbitals

  13. Alkali Metals

  14. Alkali Metals • Group 1A • Highly Reactive • ONE valence electron • Form cations (1+) • React Readily with nonmetals • (Halogens)

  15. Alkaline Earth Metals

  16. Alkaline Earth Metal • Group 2A • TWO valence electrons • Form cations (2+) • Present in earth’s crust (Berylium-rock) • Not found freely in nature

  17. Transition Metals

  18. Transition Metals • Form CATIONS • Very hard • High electrical conductivity • Due to loosely bound d-orbital electrons

  19. Transition Metals • Form diverse colors

  20. Inner Transition Metals • AKA: Rare Earth Metals

  21. Inner Transition Metals • Silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. • High Luster; but tarnish quickly in air. • High Conductivity

  22. 2. Nonmetals

  23. Nonmetals • Halogens: 7A • Noble Gases: 8A

  24. Nonmetals • Form (-) ions • poor conductors of heat and electric current • low b.p. • many are gases at room temperature • (all gases are nonmetals) • ex: Fl is most reactive nonmetal • (toothpaste: fluorine and sodium, protects teeth from decay) • High ionization energies • High electronegativities • Poor conductors • Brittle solids • Little or no metallic luster • Gain electrons easily

  25. Nonmetals • Diamond – Carbon • ALLOYS of Carbon • Graphite – carbon

  26. Halogens

  27. Halogens • HIGH electronegativities • Seven valence electrons • Highly reactive - especially with alkali metals and alkaline earths • Group 7A • Form (1-) Anion

  28. Noble Gases

  29. Noble Gases • Fairly Nonreactive • Complete valence shell (s2p6) • Low boiling points • All GAS at room temp

  30. 3. Metalloids

  31. Metalloids • AKA: Semimetals • Behave like metal/nonmetal depending on conditions.

  32. Metalloids

  33. Classifying Elements • Alkali metals – 1A • Alkali Earth Metals – 2A • Transition Metals • dorbitals. • Inner Transition Metals • f orbitals • Halogens – 7A • Noble Gases – 8A • AKA = inert gases inert=unmoving/static • Rarely take part in reactions • Stable/ orbitals are full

  34. Ions Positive and negative ions form when electrons are transferred between atoms. - occurs when atom gains/loses electrons 2 types: - Cations (+): positively charged ion - loses e- - Anions (-): negatively charged ion - gains e-

  35. Cation • Loses e- and becomes (+)

More Related