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Fundamentals of Networking

Fundamentals of Networking. Discovery 1, Chapter 1 Personal Computer Hardware. Objectives. After completing this chapter, you will meet these objectives: Identify the purpose & uses of personal computers and describe local and network applications.

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Fundamentals of Networking

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  1. Fundamentals of Networking Discovery 1, Chapter 1 Personal Computer Hardware

  2. Objectives • After completing this chapter, you will meet these objectives: • Identify the purpose & uses of personal computers and describe local and network applications. • Compare and contrast different types of computing devices. • Explain the binary representation of data. • Determine appropriate components and peripheral devices to meet requirements. • Install, verify, and upgrade computer components and peripherals.

  3. How & Where Computers are Used • What are they used for at home? • How about in the government? • School? • How about cars? • Computers are integrated in lots of devices • TV’s, cash register, ATM, fridge, planes

  4. Common Features • Hardware (physical) • OS- Required • Manages the hardware • Controls the resources, like memory • Application Software • Program loaded to perform specific function • Can you name an example?

  5. Application Software • Business/Industry-specific • Designed specially • Medical • CAD • Educational • Mitchell on Demand- Auto • General Use • Wide range use & home • Word processing • Spreadsheet • Accounting

  6. Local or Network • Local Application • Stored on HD • Works on that PC • Network Application • Runs over network (Internet) • 2 components • One parts runs on local • Other part runs on remote host • Email is a good example

  7. 1.1.2.3 Activity

  8. Review • What makes Word a local application? • Stored on the computer’s hard drive • Application software can fit into what two categories? • General use & industry specific • General Use or Industry Specific? • PowerPoint • Medical Patient software • PowerSchool • Access

  9. Classes of Computers • Mainframes • Servers • Desktops • Workstations • Laptops • Hand-held portable devices

  10. Servers • High performance • Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM, storage • Provide a service to clients • Email, web, files, print sharing • The services are important • Has redundant parts • Needs to be available at all times • Backups • Kept in secure area

  11. Workstations • High-powered business computers • Designed for special high-end apps • 3-D, CAD, Video Animation, Virtual Reality • Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM, multiple, high-capacity drives • Usually have very powerful graphics capabilities and a large monitor or multiple monitors.

  12. 1.2.2.4 Activity

  13. Portable Devices • Laptop, Tablet, PDA, Cell, Gaming • Portable • Can plug into docking station • External monitor, more ports • Advantages? • Disadvantages?

  14. Review 1 • Name 5 of the 6 classes of computers. • Servers, Workstations, Desktops, Portable, Mainframe, Handheld • Where do workstations & servers keep data stored? • Hard drive • A local application is stored where? • On the PC’s hard drive • How is a server different than a workstation? • Server provides services to other computers (clients)

  15. Review 2 • Why hook a laptop to a docking station? • External monitor, more ports • What’s another word for redundant? • Duplicate • T or F. Servers need redundant parts because they require more power. • False • Why do servers need redundant parts? • They need to be accessed by clients all the time

  16. Binary • On (1) or Off (0)  BITS • Used to represent letters, numbers, graphics, etc • ASCII • What is your name in ASCII? 1.3.1 • Each letter, number, etc, is 8 bits(b) = 1 byte • Capital letter: A = 01000001 • Number: 9 = 00111001 • Special character: # = 00100011

  17. Measuring Data • 1KB= 1024 bytes • 1MB= more than a million bytes • 1GB= more than a billion bytes • What’s after gigabytes? • Terabytes (TB)

  18. Measuring Data 2 • Photo: more detail= more amount of bits • 5MP (3MB) vs. 10MP (8MB) • Also used for storage devices • Hard drive, MP3 player, etc.

  19. Bits for Data Speed • USB 2.0 operates at 480 mega bits per second • 480,000,000 bits of information transferred per second • Forty 3 megabyte (MB) song need to be transferred from your MP3 player to your computer • 120MB of songs will transfer through USB in about 2 seconds • 100 vacation pictures at 5MB each, transferred to your computer through USB • 500MB of pictures takes about 9 seconds to transfer

  20. Flashback • Click here

  21. Activity • 1.3.2.3 Conversions • Find speed, HD size, HD space available, RAM on school computer & home computer

  22. Digital Communication • Digital info transmits over distances without the quality becoming degraded. • Modem converts bits for travel over media

  23. Data Transfer Rates • kbps or Mbps • Download times are theoretical • Depends on connection quality, overhead, etc. • How long to download an 100 5MB pictures through your Comcast 25Mbps connection? • According to calculator, 3 minutes and 4 seconds • Manually, you’d have to convert to bits first and then multiply

  24. Video- Bits & Bytes • Video Link • Not available on web

  25. Other Computer Measurements • Screen Resolution • Measured in pixels • 1280 x 1024 (H x V) • CPU • Measured in Hz & GHz • How fast is cycles or refreshes • A 3GHz CPU executes 3,000,000,000 cycles per second

  26. Lab 1.3.3 • Determining the Screen Resolution of a Monitor

  27. Review • The basic measurement of a CPU is what? • Hertz • The basic measurement of data is what? • Bit • How many possible values can a binary digit have? • 2 • Data transfer speed is usually measured in what? • kbps and Mbps

  28. Computer Systems • Two types: • Pre-assembled • Custom built • Each has advantages & disadvantages

  29. Pre-assembled Computers • Advantages: • Lower cost • Good for most applications • No wait for assembly • Typical for basic consumers • Disadvantages: • Often lack the performance level that can be obtained from custom built computers

  30. Custom Built Computers • Advantages: • You can specify exact components you need • Generally support higher performance applications such as graphics, gaming, and server applications • Disadvantages: • Generally more costly than preassembled PC • Longer wait for assembly

  31. What Do You Consider Important? • Motherboard • Processor • RAM • Storage • Adapter Cards • Case & Power

  32. Motherboard • Large circuit board • Connects electronics • Allows components to attach • It moves data between components

  33. Processor • CPU • Decide 1st • Speed measured in MHz, GHz • Faster= more heat & consume more power • Processes all data • What’s the path data moves on called? • Bus

  34. RAM • Stores data while being processed by the CPU • All programs run from RAM • 2nd most important factor • More RAM= better multitasking

  35. Storage • What happens to RAM when no power? • Hard drives are non-volatile • Data does not go away when no power • Magnetic storage devices • HD, Floppy, Tape • Optical storage devices • Read only: CD, DVD • Write once: CD-R, DVD-R • Write many: CD-RW, DVD-RW • Static memory (flash) drives • USB

  36. Adapter Cards • Add functionality to computer

  37. Case & Power • Usually sold with power supply • Case style (desktop, tower, etc) • PS power requirements • Surge Protector • Remove spikes & surges from line • UPS • Internal rechargeable battery • Provides battery backup in power failure • Time to save & shut down

  38. Review 1 • Which costs more, pre-assembled or custom PC? • Custom • Which is fine for general use? • Pre-assembled • What is it called when you run more than one program at a time? • Multitasking • What is vital for multitasking? • More RAM

  39. Review 2 • Which type of adapter card connects you to other devices in a LAN? • Network card • What device attempts to remove spikes from the electrical line? • Surge protector • What does a UPS do? • Battery backup & gives you time to save & shut down • What component processes all data? • CPU

  40. Safety & Best Practices • Before you open the case… • Shut power off & remove cable • DO NOT OPEN MONITORS OR POWER SUPPLIES!!!! • Hot-swappable • Remove components without shutting down • ESD can cause damage to components • Static electricity transfer • Wear wrist strap/grounding strap • Review 1.5.1.3

  41. Installing Components • Hot swap or not? • If not, unplug power • Attach grounding strap • Remove old component • Put new one in • Connect cables, close case, power up • Start PC & driver load • Might be in OS; Will prompt if not • Get current driver from manufacturer's web site • Test

  42. Problems? • Make sure it’s on! • Check system resources (old) • Check drivers • Updated? • Wrong one? • Reseat card/unplug & re-plug • Restart computer

  43. Identify Ports

  44. End of Chapter Review (10)

  45. Fundamentals of Networking Discovery 1, Chapter 1 Personal Computer Hardware

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