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Elements

Elements. Compounds. Mixtures. have a unique set of properties components are elements have only one type of particle are pure substances can be separated into simpler substances by chemical means only combine in a definite ratio to form different compounds are chemically combined

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Elements

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  1. Elements Compounds Mixtures • have a unique set of properties • components are elements • have only one type of particle • are pure substances • can be separated into simpler substances by chemical means only • combine in a definite ratio to form different compounds • are chemically combined • found everywhere • have a unique set of properties • components are elements, compounds, or both • has two or more different types of particles • not chemically combined • not pure substances • can be separated by physical means into the different substances that form it • combine in any ratio • have a unique set of properties • components are protons, neutrons, and electrons • have only one type of particle • are pure substances • cannot be separated into simpler substances • some are chemically combined • combine into definite ratios to form a compound • found everywhere

  2. Pure Substanceis a substance in which there is only one type of particle; includes elements and compounds.

  3. Definite Ratio Combinations of Elements forming Compounds H2O 2 atoms of hydrogen to one of oxygen water H2O2 2 atoms of hydrogen to 2 of oxygen hydrogen peroxide CO2 1 atom of carbon to 2 of oxygen carbon dioxide CO 1 atom of carbon to 1 of oxygen carbon monoxide C6H12O6 6 atoms of carbon, to 12 of hydrogen, to 6 of oxygen sugar NaCl 1 atom of sodium to 1 of chlorine salt CH2O 1 atom of carbon, to 2 of hydrogen, to 1 of oxygen wood

  4. Element A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means. hydrogen silicon carbon

  5. ELEMENT PURE SUBSTANCE

  6. Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na

  7. Metals Nonmetals Metalloids • dull • brittle • not malleable • not ductile • poor conductors of thermal and electric energy • some have reactivity • shiny • malleable • ductile • good conductors of thermal and electric energy • have reactivity • some are shiny some are dull • some are malleable and some are not • some are ductile and some are not • semiconductors of electric energy • have reactivity

  8. Compound Molecule of the Compound Water + + _ Chemically combined A pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined. hydrogen hydrogen oxygen

  9. Mixture

  10. Mixture + + chloride chloride - - sodium sodium A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Sodium chloride and water molecules

  11. COMPOUND WATER PURE SUBSTANCE

  12. MIXTURE of TWO ELEMENTS and the COMPOUND WATER NOT A PURE SUBSTANCE

  13. Chemically combined oxygen O2

  14. Properties of Compounds • color • shape • boiling point • melting point • density • freezing point • reactivity ( combustible, explosive, and flammable)

  15. burning wood • CH2O + O2 -----> CO2 + H2O

  16. Element Mixture Compound

  17. MIXTURE of TWO ELEMENTS and the COMPOUND WATER COMPOUND WATER ELEMENT PURE SUBSTANCE PURE SUBSTANCE NOT A PURE SUBSTANCE

  18. Solution The liquid that results when water dissolves a substance.

  19. The Compound Water Chemically combined + + H2O Electrons being shared between atoms of hydrogen and oxygen. -

  20. sodium chloride - + Na+ ion - - + + - + - + + - + - + - + - - + Cl- ion NaCl

  21. chlorine sodium + metal gas salt

  22. H is the symbol of Hydrogen O is the symbol for Oxygen H2O No subscript after oxygen means each molecule of water has only one atom of oxygen. The subscript means each molecule of water has two atoms of hydrogen

  23. The coefficient means that there are three molecules of water. molecule 3 H2O

  24. Parts of a Chemical Equation C + O2 CO2 yields or produces The compounds or elements on the left side of the arrow are the starting materials, or REACTANTS. The new substance produced is the PRODUCT. The product is placed to the right of the arrow.

  25. A plus sign separates reactants when there is more than one. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O A plus sign separates products when there is more than one new substance produced.

  26. In a chemical equation the number of atoms in the reactants should always equal to the number of atoms in the products. C + O2 CO2 1 atom carbon 2 atoms oxygen = 1 atom carbon 2 atoms oxygen

  27. Element Compound Mixture Mixture Molecule of the Compound Water + + + chloride - _ sodium Chemically combined A pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined. A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means. A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Chemically combined Sodium chloride and water molecules oxygen O2 hydrogen silicon carbon

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