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The Presidents

The Presidents. 1- George Washington, Federalist, 1789- 1797 ( 4, 28). Set “precedents”: 1 st Cabinet advisors, heads of departments Supports Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan Farewell Address/ Proclamation of Neutrality- establishes policy of neutrality.

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The Presidents

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  1. The Presidents

  2. 1- George Washington, Federalist, 1789- 1797 (4, 28) • Set “precedents”: 1st Cabinet • advisors, heads of departments • Supports Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan • Farewell Address/ Proclamation of Neutrality- establishes policy of neutrality

  3. 2- John Adams, Federalist, 1797- 180115 • Struggled with England/ French Wars • Alien and Sedition Act- violated freedom of speech and press

  4. 3- Thomas Jefferson, Democrat-Republican 1801- 18095 • “Revolution of 1800”- Democratic Republicans win election; peacefully take power • Limited government (strict construction of Constitution) • Louisiana Purchase- goes against strict construction

  5. 4- James Madison, Democrat-Republican (1809- 1817)14 • “Father of the Constitution” • War of 1812

  6. 5- James Monroe, Democrat-Republican (1817- 1825) 13 • Monroe Doctrine (1823) • western hemisphere- Europe stay out!! • Retains neutrality/ isolationism in European affairs

  7. 7- Andrew Jackson, Democrat (1829- 1837) 6 29 • “Jacksonian Democracy”- • suffrage given to all white men during this time • “spoils system”- supporters get government jobs • Supported Native American Removal Policy- • goes against Worchester v. Georgia decision • Vetoes the Second Bank of US • opposes Calhoun’s nullification of the Tariff of 1828

  8. 11- James K Polk, Democrat, 1845- 1849 • Ran on fulfilling Manifest Destiny • Supports annexation of Texas (1845) • “54 40 or fight!” • Purchases Oregon (1846) • Led nation during Mexican War (1846-48) • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- Mexican Session • Great topic for lots of THEMATICS!!

  9. 16- Abraham Lincoln, Republican, 1861-6524 27 • Lincoln Douglas Debates in 1858 make him famous • Argues against EXPANSION of slavery • First Republican president • Party formed in 1854 after Kansas Nebraska Act opened more territory to slavery • Used war powers during Civil War to preserve the Union • Suspended habeas corpus for Confederate supporters • Emancipation Proclamation- turns Civil War into a war to END slavery in 1863; uses power as Commander in Chief

  10. 16- Abraham Lincoln, cont’d • Gettysburg Address- • gives meaning to the Civil War- nation will have a “new birth of freedom” • Very lenient Reconstruction Plans for South • Assassinated before end of Civil War

  11. 17- Andrew Johnson 3 • Impeached by House after bitter arguments with RADICAL REPUBLICANS over Reconstruction

  12. 24- William McKinley, Republican, 1897-1901 16 • Spanish American War • Open Door Policy issued by Sec. of State John Hay • Annexed Hawaii • Assassinated 1901

  13. 25- Teddy Roosevelt, Republican, 1901-1909 21 26 35 • “Square Deal”- PROGRESSIVE domesticprogram • Trustbuster • conservationist • Mediates coal miner strike • The Jungle- Meat Inspection Act • Imperialist in foreign policy • Roosevelt Corollary- • Adds to Monroe Doctrine • POLICE POWER IN Latin America • “Big Stick Diplomacy” • Increases navy • Panama Canal

  14. 26- William Taft, Republican, 1909- 1913 • “Dollar Diplomacy”- supported US business interests with diplomacy and military support in Latin America

  15. 27- Woodrow Wilson, Democrat, 1913- 1921 8 • New Freedom- Progressive president • Reforms: • Clayton Antitrust Act • Creates the Federal Reserve System (controls currency) • Federal Trade Commission (investigates trusts) • WWI president • 14 points- his idea for peace • Senate refuses to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and join the League of Nations (isolationism)

  16. 30- Herbert Hoover, Republican, 1929-1933 7 • Laissez faire, pro business • Stock Market Crash • Opposes direct relief (would ruin “rugged individualism”) • Uses troops vs. “Bonus Army”

  17. 31- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Democrat, 1933-1945 23 25 • New Deal/ World War 2 president • POWER OF FED GOV’T increases • Wagner Act- Supports Unions • Long term reform: Social Security; SEC • Executive Order 9066- Internment of Japanese • Elected 4 times- 22nd Amendment

  18. 32- Harry S Truman 1945-1953 2 30 • Atomic bomb • Truman Doctrine- policy of containment • Marshall Plan • Korean War • GI Bill • Desegregates military

  19. 33- Dwight Eisenhower 1953- 196120 32 • Supreme Commander of Allies in World War 2 • Eisenhower Doctrine (Cold War in Middle East) • Federal Highway Act • Little Rock 9 • Dulles- “Brinksmanship”- Arms Race

  20. 34- John F Kennedy 1961- 1963 11 • New Frontier • Moon! • Peace Corps • Pushes for Civil Rights Act • Cuban Missile Crisis • Assassinated

  21. 35- Lyndon Baines Johnson (1963- 1969)17 31 • Vietnam- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • escalation • Doesn’t seek re-election in 1968 • Great Society- War on Poverty • Medicare • Civil Rights Act of 1964

  22. 36- Richard Nixon Rep (1969- 74)1 33 • Vietnamization • Détente with USSR and China • Watergate- resigns • 37- Gerald Ford • Pardons Nixon

  23. 38- Jimmy Carter, Democrat 9 • Economic problems: inflation & oil shortages • OPEC embargo on oil • Camp David Accords: peace between Israel and Egypt

  24. 39- Ronald Reagan 1981-89 18 • Conservative revolution • Social issues: abortion, school prayer • Supply side economics (“Reaganomics”) • Lower taxes, less regulation, pro big business • Reaction against Great Society • Trade and budget deficits • “Star Wars” • “Tear down this wall” speech

  25. 41 George H Bush (1989- 92) 12 • “no new taxes” whoops! • Persian Gulf war • Iraq invades Kuwait, 1991 • Builds UN coalition; very successful

  26. 42- William Jefferson Clinton 19 • NAFTA- free trade in North America • Backs NATO forces in Serbia (ethnic cleansing) • Balances budget • Impeached by House for perjury; acquitted by Senate

  27. GW Bush 32 • Controversial 2000 election vs. Gore • 9/11 responses: • Homeland Security/ Patriotic Act • Afghanistan/ Iraq

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