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CONTRACEPTION 101

CONTRACEPTION 101. Gina Duggan, BScN RN Public Health Nurse/YHC Coordinator Sackville High School. Contraceptive Methods Chart. The Basics – The Female. A women is able to have children from the time she begins to menstruate (during puberty) to the onset of menopause (45-55 years old)

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CONTRACEPTION 101

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  1. CONTRACEPTION 101 Gina Duggan, BScN RN Public Health Nurse/YHC Coordinator Sackville High School

  2. Contraceptive Methods Chart

  3. The Basics – The Female • A women is able to have children from the time she begins to menstruate (during puberty) to the onset of menopause (45-55 years old) • A women has a menstrual cycle that determines her fertility • Ovulation occurs on day 14 of the menstrual cycle. The egg that is released lives for 12-24 hours. • Pregnancy can only occur if her egg is met by a sperm in the fallopian tube, therefore during the three days before and after ovulation.

  4. The Basics – The Male • Men start producing sperm at the time of puberty. Once they begin to ejaculate, they are able to make babies. • About 50 million sperm are released every time a man ejaculates • Sperm can stay alive in a women’s uterus for 3-7 days • Men are able to father children almost until the end of their lives • They do not have a cycle to regulate fertility like women do

  5. Did you know? • 25% of young women who have intercourse without using a method of birth control will become pregnant within one month • 85% will become pregnant within one year

  6. Safe Sex… • The only totally safe sex is no sex. • Pregnancy can only occur from vaginal sex (penis and vagina), however if sperm come in contact with the vulva (outside of the vagina) even without intercourse, there is a small chance of pregnancy. • The second safest sex is between partners in a mutually monogamous relationship who consistently (that means EVERY TIME!) use protection against pregnancy and STIs.

  7. Contraceptive Methods • Hormonal: Oral Contraception ( the pill), Depo-Provera (The needle), Ortho-Evra (the patch), NuvaRing (the ring) • Barrier: Male Condom, Female Condom, Spermicides, Sponge, Diaphragm • Surgical: Tubal Ligation (female), Vasectomy (male) • Other: Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD), Merena • Natural: Fertility Awareness • ONLY THE CONDOM PROTECTS AGAINST STIs

  8. Hormonal Methods

  9. Hormonal Methods Make the body believe the ovaries produce hormones (estrogen & progesterone) while they are, in fact, resting Hormonal Methods are only available for women.

  10. Oral Contraception: The Pill Oral Contraception: The Pill • Must be taken at the same time every day • 92-99.9% Effective • Does not protect against STIs • Combination of hormones: estrogen and progesterone • Stops ovaries from releasing eggs, thins out uterine lining, thickens cervical mucous. • Costs approx $25-35

  11. Depo Provera: The Shot • Need hormone injection every 12 weeks. • Does not protect against STI’s!!! • Stops the ovaries from releasing an egg each month, thins out uterine lining, thickens cervical mucus

  12. Where can I get it and how much does it cost? • You can get Depo-Provera at your doctor’s office. • Each injection costs about $30–$50. The Planned Parenthood Metro Clinic (Halifax) gives Depo shots for $30. • Used the right way: 99.7% effective • Not used the right way:97%effective

  13. Ortho Evra: The Patch • Works the same way the pill does • New patch every week for three weeks then without on the forth week • With prescription, about $20-$30 at a drug store. • Does not protect against STI’s

  14. Where to Apply EVRA • Clean, dry, intact healthy skin. Choose a new site each week. • Buttock • Abdomen • Upper outer arm • Upper torso • In a place where it won’t be rubbed by tight clothing • Should not be placed on skin that is red, irritated or cut • Should not be placed on the breasts

  15. NuvaRing: The Ring • Use for 3 weeks, take out for 1 week • Daily release of hormones that inhibits release of egg from ovary, thins uterine lining • 92-99% Effective • With prescription at drug store, costs $25-$32 per month (a bit cheaper if you buy 3 at once)

  16. NuvaRing: The Ring HOW TO USE • Find a comfortable position 2. Squeeze the edges together 3. Insert into vagina -exact position not important

  17. ECP: Emergency Contraception • Prevents pregnancy before it happens • Works best if taken within 72 hours • A Hormonal reaction that creates poor conditions for the egg and sperm to meet • Key word is EMERGENCY!!! • (not a regular method) • Does not protect you against STIs

  18. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION PILL • You do not need a prescription for ECP. Without a prescription it costs about $35-$50. With a prescription, it costs about $25. You can get ECP from: • Family Doctors • Community Clinics (North Preston Wellness Clinic, Youth Clinic at Cobequid, Family Focus,) • Emergency Room (Cobequid, QEII) • Halifax Sexual Health Center ($5) • Pharmacies

  19. Barrier Methods • Physically block sperm from reaching the egg, • by not allowing semen to pass through the cervix. • Male and Female Condoms help protect against STIs

  20. MALE CONDOM • Effectiveness 86-97% (depends on proper use) • Check expiry date • Does not protect against all STI’s • Free at the Youth Health Center

  21. FEMALE CONDOM • Made from polyurethane • 95% effective if used properly (79% effective if not) • Box of three = $13 • Can be inserted 8 hours before sex • Should NOT be used with a male condom as well

  22. SPERMICIDE • May be cream, foam, gel or suppository • Destroy sperm • Usually put in the vagina right before sex,and must be left in 6-8 hours after sex • Does not protect against STI’s. • 74-94% Effective • No prescription needed; costs $9-$15.

  23. THE SPONGE • Blocks the sperm and the spermicide kills them. • Will work for 12 hrs. and must be left in for 6 hrs. after sex • Does not protect from STI’s • 84%-91% Effective • No prescription required; costs $10-$15 for 3-4 sponges • NOT REUSABLE

  24. DIAPHRAGM • Block sperm from entering cervix; ALWAYS used with spermicidal jelly • Will not protect against STI’s • Reusable CERVICAL CAP • May insert 6 hours prior to sex and must leave in 6 hours after sex • 80%-94% effective • Requires fitting and prescription. Costs $45-$75

  25. Intrauterine Devices

  26. ICUD: INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE • Is inserted by a physician, goes through the cervix to sit in the uterus • Contraceptive effect is immediate and lasts for 5 years • Does not protect against STI’s • Very effective…about .02% failure rate.

  27. PERMANENT SURGICAL METHODS FEMALES: TUBAL LIGATION MALES: VASECTOMY

  28. Natural MethodsKnowing your body • Means that there are no medications involved, depend on skill and cooperation between partners • For natural methods to work (except abstinence) you have to: • Understand your body • Understand how fertilization works • Understand the female cycle • Understand and accept unplanned pregnancy • You have to discipline yourself, and is not for the spontaneous amongst you!

  29. Natural Methods(Not recommended) • Withdrawal: male partner withdraws penis from the vagina before ejaculation • Fertility Awareness: women keeps track of cycle, and during fertile period abstain from intercourse These natural methods are: • Not very effective…failure rate is about 20-30% • Do not protect against STIs • These methods are better suited to natural family planning for adults in long term relationships (ie; mom and dad who don’t want any more kids/ don’t want to take hormones or have surgery)

  30. Abstinence: The most effective method of birth control on earth! • Abstinence means choosing not to have any kind of sexual activity that leads to an exchange of body fluids • This includes: • oral sex • anal sex • vaginal sex • any activity that involves skin to skin contact in the genital area.

  31. ABSTINENCE: THE PROS • Most effective method of preventing both pregnancy • and STIs • It’s FREE!!! • Can have a positive influence on the relationship, because • it promotes communication and helps to test understanding • and feelings for each other • Also promotes creativity, as partners find other ways to • pleasure each other: kissing, hugging, masturbation, etc.

  32. ABSTINENCE: BARRIERS • You and your partner may not agree on what abstinence means • May face pressure from your partner/peers to start having sex • Chance of getting carried away in a moment of passion… you might want to have intercourse. Always have a barrier method with you just in case! • Abstinence from drugs and alcohol helps you keep control.

  33. Abstinence is a good choice for you if… • You have not found the right partner yet • You are unsure about the state of your relationship • You are unsure about your partner • You want the safest contraception method on earth • You want to prevent pregnancy and be protected from STIs • You don’t want to make an appointment with your doctor • You want a method of contraception that has no side effects • You like it “au natural”

  34. Yeah, but…Everybody’s doing it! This is simply NOT TRUE! The fact is, most teens choose NOT to have sex. In 2002, a study found that 70% of teens in Nova Scotia had NOT had sexual intercourse! The sexual feelings you begin to have during your teen years can be exciting, and it can be easy to let yourself get carried away…remember that the decisions you make DO have consequences!

  35. Any method of birth control will work only if you use it the right way and use it every time you have sex.

  36. HELP!!! My period is late.I think I might be pregnant! FREE ADVICE: If you are sexually active and your period is 5–7 days late youmight be pregnant and should have a pregnancy test. This can be done confidentially in the YHC. Missing a period doesn’t guarantee that you are pregnant. You might also miss a period due to stress, poor nutrition, or an illness. Irregular periods can Also just be a part of being a normal teenager!

  37. If a male and female have sex,a pregnancy can happen:• The first time they have sex• No matter what position they have sex in• During the woman’s period• Even if he pulls out of her vagina beforehe ejaculates•Even if he doesn’t put his penis inside, butejaculates near her vagina

  38. WHERE TO GO • Kingfisher Nest, Youth Health Centre Provides information, condoms, and pregnancy testing gduggan@staff.ednet.ns.ca • Cobequid Youth Health Clinic Phone: 869-6106 • Halifax Sexual Health Center www.halifaxsexualhealth.ca Phone:455-9656 • Family Doctor or Family Focus Walk-in Clinic (Sackville Superstore)

  39. SexualityIs More Than Just SexYou matter. Take care of yourself Think about what is right for you and Enjoy your developing sexuality.

  40. Information and photos for this presentation were taken in July, 2008 from the following internet and print sources: Medline Plus Online Medical Encyclopedia; www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus Nemours Foundation; www.kidshealth.org NuvaRing Online; www.nuvaring.com Ortho Evra Online; www.orthoevra.com Sex? A Healthy Sexuality Resource [Halifax]: Nova Scotia Department of Health Promotion and Protection, 2006 Sex Sense Canadian Contraception Guide, 2nd ed [Toronto]: Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada, 2005. Sexuality and U.ca; www.sexualityandyou.ca

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