1. The Industrial Revolution By:Ms Pojer and Ms Lucchesi

2. Why did the Industrial Revolution start in England? What were the short term and long term changes to economy, government, and society that resulted from the Industrial Revolution? Essential Question Industrial RevolutionI have a film you can borrow :)

3. Why Did Industrialization Begin in England First?

4. Late 18c: French Economic Advantages • Napoleonic Code. • French communal law. • Free contracts • Open markets • Uniform & clear commercial regulations • Standards weights & measures. • Established technical schools. • The government encouraged & honored inventors & inventions. • Bank of France  European modelproviding a reliable currency.

5. French Economic Disadvantages • Years of war • Supported the AmericanRevolution. • French Revolution. • Early 19c  Napoleonic Wars • Heavy debts. • High unemployment  soldiersreturning from the battlefronts. • French businessmen were afraid to take risks.

6. Industrial England: "Workshop of the World" That Nation of Shopkeepers! -- Napoleon Bonaparte

7. The Enclosure Movement

8. “Enclosed” Lands Today

9. Metals, Woolens, & Canals

10. Early Canals Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

11. Mine & Forge [1840-1880] • More powerful than water is coal. • More powerful than wood is iron. • Innovations make steel feasible. • “Puddling” [1820] – “pig iron.” • “Hot blast” [1829] – cheaper, purer steel. • Bessemer process [1856] – strong, flexible steel.

12. Coalfields & Industrial Areas

13. Young Coal Miners

14. Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”

15. British Pig Iron Production

16. Richard Arkwright:“Pioneer of the Factory System” The “Water Frame”

17. The Results of Industrialization at the end of the 19c

18. By 1850: Zones of Industrializationon the European Continent • Northeast France. • Belgium. • The Netherlands. • Western German states. • Northern Italy • East Germany  Saxony

19. Industrialization By 1850

20. Railroads on the Continent

21. Share in World Manufacturing Output: 1750-1900

22. Effects on the Economy

23. Factory Production • Concentrates production in oneplace [materials, labor]. • Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets]. • Requires a lot of capital investment[factory, machines, etc.] morethan skilled labor. • Only 10% of English industry in 1850.

24. Textile FactoryWorkers in England

25. The Factory System • Rigid schedule. • 12-14 hour day. • Dangerous conditions. • Mind-numbing monotony.

26. Textile FactoryWorkers in England

27. John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”

28. The Power Loom

29. James Watt’s Steam Engine

30. Steam Tractor

31. An Early Steam Locomotive

32. The Railroad

33. Later Locomotives

34. The Impact of the Railroad

35. “The Great Land Serpent”

36. Effects on Society

37. Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851 Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.

38. The Crystal Palace Exhibition 1851, London • The World’s Fair • Industrialization • Nationalism • Materialism

39. Exhibition vs Reality

40. The "Haves": Bourgeois Life Thrived on the Luxuries of the Industrial Revolution

41. Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830

42. 19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau Riche

43. Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie

44. Typical English Middle Class

45. Stereotype of the Factory Owner

46. “Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life

47. The "Have-Nots": The Poor, The Over-Worked, & the Destitute

48. Worker and the Colonized

49. Industrial Staffordshire

50. Problems of Polution The Silent Highwayman - 1858