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Understanding Marine Ecology: Pelagic Community Dynamics & Interactions

Explore the flow of energy in living systems through trophic pyramids and food webs. Discover the factors affecting marine life, such as light and temperature, in the Pelagic community. Learn about bony fish, marine mammals, and symbiotic relationships in the ocean. Study how populations and communities interact with their environment and each other. Dive into the complexities of competition, predation, and symbiosis in marine ecosystems.

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Understanding Marine Ecology: Pelagic Community Dynamics & Interactions

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  1. Flow of energy through a living system; energy is degraded w/ each step Fig 12-3, p.238

  2. Generalized trophic pyramid Fig 12-6, p.241

  3. Simplified food web Fig 12-7, p.242

  4. Factors that effect… • Light • Temperature • (among others…that you already know…)

  5. Fig 12-9, p.244

  6. Fig 12-11, p.247

  7. Life in the Ocean • The PELAGIC community! • A “Pelagic community” is a community of organisms that live suspended in the water column…they either float (plankton) or swim (nekton). • This is different than those that live on shore, on the bottom (etc.)

  8. Pelagic Communitiy, Plankton And nekton Fig 13-1, p.258

  9. Bony fish examples

  10. Deep sea angler fish

  11. Marine Mammals that live in the pelagic zone (Baleen) Fig 13-21, p.275

  12. Marine Mammals that live in the pelagic zone (Toothed) Fig 13-21, p.276

  13. Next… • Since we know some of the organisms that live there, we can also study their interactions (w/ each other and w/I the community structure)

  14. Marine Ecology • The study of interactions of marine organisms with each other and with their environment

  15. Population • A group of organisms of the same species occupying a specific area

  16. Community • Many populations of organisms that interact with each other at a particular location

  17. Community Composition • Physical factors • temperature, salinity, dessication, pressure • can all limit where an organism can survive • Biological factors • larval supply, competition, predation, parasitism, • can also limit where an organism can be found

  18. Physical Factors • range of tolerance • Steno = narrow • Eury = wide or broad • Examples: • stenothermal or eurythermal • stenohaline or euryhaline

  19. Biological Factors • Competition • Predation • Symbiosis

  20. Competition • limited supply of resources • Intraspecific competition • between individuals of the same species • Leads to adaptation • Interspecific competition • between individuals of different species • may lead to competitive exclusion

  21. Predation • Can also affect community structure • Allows for increased diversity when superior competitor is preferred prey

  22. Symbiosis • the co-occurrence of two species in which the life of one is closely tied with the life of another

  23. Symbiosis • Three types • mutualism (++) • Anemone fish, cleaner shrimp, zooxanthellae • commensalism (+0) • Pea crabs, pilotfish & shark • parasitism (+-) • roundworms

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