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Evolution

Evolution. Evolution- changes that have transformed life over time. Biological Diversity= variety of living things How did different organisms arise? How are they related? . Charles Darwin- (1831) naturalist HMS Beagle Galapagos islands- studied finches

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Evolution

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  1. Evolution • Evolution- changes that have transformed life over time

  2. Biological Diversity= variety of living things • How did different organisms arise? • How are they related?

  3. Charles Darwin- (1831) • naturalist • HMS Beagle • Galapagos islands- studied finches • Book: (1858) The Origin of Species

  4. Patterns of Diversity • Organisms well suited to environment • Why were dif animals in similar environments at dif parts of the world?

  5. Living Organisms and Fossils • Fossils-preserved remains of ancient animals • Some fossils had similarities of living org. • How were these fossil species related to living organisms?

  6. Galapagos Islands • Dif Climates • Tortoise’s differed on each island in predictable ways • Birds differed on islands

  7. Were animals on dif islands once from the same species?

  8. Scientists • Buffon- (1700) earth older than 1,000 years • Fossils and living organisms similar but not exactly the same • Lamarck- (1800)proposed life evolves or changes • Evolution was a process of adaptation • by use or disuse organisms lost /acquired traits • Traits were passed on

  9. Hutton/Lyell(1830)- geological change • Earth changed over time • erosion • shift in plate

  10. Malthus-(1798) Principle of Populations • More offspring are produced than can survive • Wallace- (1858) mechanism of evolutionary change

  11. On the Origin of Species 1. Variation among species • Artificial selection- nature provided variation and humans selected those variations to be more useful.

  12. 2. Struggle for existence- more offspring produced than can survive • Those more suited for the env. Survived and passed on traits

  13. 3. Survival of the Fittest- Natural Selection • Fitness- ability of an organism to survive and reproduce • Adaptation- inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival/reproduce

  14. 4. Natural Selection- mechanism of evolution • Traits are selected by nature • Traits passed on to offspring, trait increases over time • Over time population changes Over time natural selection results in changes in inherited characteristics of a population

  15. 5. Descent with Modification- each living species has descended with changes from other species over time • Change- change in environment

  16. Changes in different environments • Ex: Rabbits

  17. Evolution Evidence 1. Fossil Record- document intermediate stages of life

  18. 2. Geographic Distribution of Living Species- • Many environments similar= same pressures of natural selection= different animals evolved common features

  19. 3. Homologous Body Structure- structures that evolved from a single structure in a common ancestor. Vestigial organs-Organs reduced in size only traces left

  20. 4. Similarities in embryology- embryos similar at various stages of development

  21. Natural Selection • Trait must be inherited • Variation- difference among members of the same species • More offspring produced than can survive • Evolution occurs over time, populations evolve not individuals

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