1. Chapter 9 The Endocrine System

2. The Endocrine System • Functions • regulate growth • regulate reproduction • utilization of nutrients • salt and fluid balance • regulation of metabolic rate • adaptation to stress • Control w/ Hormone • chemical messengers • responses may last • target tissues can be specific • entire body can be target • many have multiple effects

3. Structure that Secrete Hormones • Endocrine Gland • “ductless” • hormones • pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pineal, thymus • organs • pancreas & gonads • Other Tissue & Organs • wall of digestion organs • placenta & kidneys

6. Chemistry of Hormones • Steroid Hormone • derived from cholesterol • sex glands & adrenal cortex • Amino Acid Base • simplest hormones • many types (I.e. epinephrine) • Prostaglandins • from fatty acids

7. How Hormones Work • Receptors in the target cells • hormones chemically bond w/ receptors • Mechanisms • alter activity of cells • change permeability • synthesize proteins • activate/deactivate enzymes • stimulate mitosis • Onset & Duration • <1 min ---> 30 minutes

8. Hormone Regulation of Secretion • Hormonal • Humoral • blood levels • Neural

14. Gigantism

15. Goiter Graves Disease

16. Cushings Disease