Start of WORLD WAR I

1. Start of WORLD WAR I

2. Activator: Answer Yesterday’s EQs How did nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the alliance system cause World War I (WWI)? What chain of events led to the start of WWI?

3. Who do you think was the most to blame? Why?

4. Review

5. Essential Questions How did industrialization affect modern warfare? How were individuals impacted by World War I?

6. Vocabulary Central Powers Allied Powers Trench Warfare Western Front Eastern Front Schlieffen Plan

7. Brainstorm/Review Who were on the opposing sides of World War I?

8. War Begins • Alliance System • Austria declares war on Serbia • Russia declares war on Austria • Germany declares was on Russiathen immediately also on France • Great Britain declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary • Ottomans & Bulgaria join Central Powers in hopes of gaining land • Japan & Italy join Allied Powers • German Invasion • Germany invades France through Belgium to start World War I

9. WWI Opposing Sides Central Powers Allied Powers ITALY GERMANY GREAT BRITAIN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY JAPAN FRANCE OTTOMAN EMPIRE SERBIA BULGARIA RUSSIA

10. Collaborative Groups Western Front (p. 412-414) Eastern Front (p. 414-415) Technology (p. 414 & 416)

11. EASTERN FRONT WESTERN FRONT p. 412

12. DISCUSS What was the fighting on the Western Front like? Eastern Front?

13. A War on 2 Fronts WESTERN FRONT EASTERN FRONT Area between Russia and Germany & Austria-Hungary Known as the “frozen front” Less deadlock; more advances Who fought on this front? • Area between France & Germany • Germany invaded through Belgium, who then joined Allies • Led to a stalemate/deadlock • Who fought on this front? p. 412

14. A War on 2 Fronts Western Front Eastern Front GERMANY AUSTRIA-HUNGARY GERMANY AUSTRIA-HUNGARY vs BULGARIA OTTOMAN EMPIRE BELGIUM ITALY vs SERBIA FRANCE RUSSIA GREAT BRITAIN

15. Brainstorm What disadvantage does both Germany and Austria-Hungary face? Fighting a war on 2 fronts

16. Brainstorm How does Germany and Austria-Hungary plan on dealing with this problem? Schlieffen Plan

17. Schlieffen Plan • Schlieffen Plan(p. 412) • Named after General von Schlieffen, who came up with the strategy • German plan calling for a quick defeat of France then sending all troops to the Eastern Front to battle against Russia • Quick defeat of France never happened due to 1st Battle of the Marne • Brainstorm: Why?

18. DISCUSS Examine the picture on the next slide. What do you notice?

19. Trench Warfare

20. Trench Warfare • Trench Warfare (p. 413) • Soldiers dug deep holes into the ground, then they would fire their machine guns at charging enemy soldiers • Both sides utilized strategy • Huge loss of human life • Minor land gains (stalemate) • Example: War Horse (2011)

21. Trench Warfare • Machine Gun • Fires ammunition automatically • Could wipe out waves of attackers quickly and easily • Made it difficult for the enemy to advance on a position • Utilized greatly during WWI • The machine gun was a big part of trench warfare and thus it was directly related to the stalemate of the war

22. Brainstorm What was life in the trench like during WWI?

23. Trench Warfare • “The men slept in mud, washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed mud.” • Trenches had tons of rats • Difficult to sleep • No fresh food • Could get boring • Trench foot

24. Trench Warfare

25. Brainstorm What was the area between trenches called? “No Man’s Land”

26. Brainstorm What was “No Man’s Land” actually like?

27. No Man’s Land • Area full of barb wire, dead bodies, and flying bullets • Soldiers had to make it through this area to directly attack the opposing side’s trench • Example: War Horse (2011)

28. Brainstorm How did both armies get around trench warfare? New Technology (WEAPONS)

29. Brainstorm What were some of the new weapons being used during World War I?

30. Weapons of World War I

31. Tanks • Tanks • Armored combat vehicle that moved on chain tracks • Vehicle could make it over various terrains/landscapes • Due to armor, it could withstand gun fire • Introduced by the British, but also utilized by Germans

32. Airplanes • First used in WWI (p. 416) • Drop bombs on ground • Shoot guns in the air • Increase in Use • 1914 – 850 planes used • 1918 – 10,000 planes used • Example: Fly Boys (2006) • “The Red Baron” • Famous German pilot Manfred von Richthofen • Killed many Allied pilots during WWI

33. Chemical Warfare • Poison Gases • Introduced by Germany and protested by Allies, but they used them as well • Widespread use in WWI • Poison Gases Used • Chlorine • Phosgene • Mustard Gas • Counter Measures • Few deaths as a result of gas due to use of gas masks

34. Gas Masks

35. Gas Masks

36. Gas Masks

37. Grenades, Bombs, Etc. • Grenades • Small explosives you throw • Many different types used • Bombs • Dropped from planes onto enemy trenches • Flamethrowers • Shot flames from a backpack • Heavy Artillery • Shot up into air to take out planes or hit enemy trench • All effective against trenches German Howitzer

38. submarines • Introduced by Germany (p. 418) • U-Boats (“Unterseebooten”) • Short form of German word, which means “underwater boat” • Underwater and hidden from sight • Utilized for surprise attacks • Shot torpedoes, underwater missiles, at enemy ships • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • German policy that stated they would sink any ship in British waters • Created a blockade around Britain

39. Brainstorm What effect could the unrestricted submarine warfare of Germany have on other countries?

40. SUMMARIZE: ANSWER Essential Questions How did industrialization affect modern warfare? How were individuals impacted by World War I?