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Chapter 9: Section 3

Chapter 9: Section 3. The Crusades. The Crusades. Series of wars beginning in 1096 and lasting for about 200 years. Muslims and Christians fought for control over the Middle East – the Holy Land. Alexius I (Byzantine Empire) asks Pope Urban II to help get rid of the Turks (Muslim). .

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Chapter 9: Section 3

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  1. Chapter 9: Section 3 The Crusades

  2. The Crusades Series of wars beginning in 1096 and lasting for about 200 years. Muslims and Christians fought for control over the Middle East – the Holy Land.

  3. Alexius I (Byzantine Empire) asks Pope Urban II to help get rid of the Turks (Muslim).

  4. Council of Clermont (1095) “From Jerusalem and the city of Constantinople comes a grievous report. An accursed race…has violently invaded the lands of those Christians and has depopulated them by pillage and fire.” “Both knights and footmen, both rich and poor….must strive to help expel the Turks from our Christian lands before it is too late…Christ commands it. Remission of sins will be granted…”

  5. “GOD WILLS IT!” Why did the Pope want the Crusades? - increase his power - hoped Christians would fight Muslims not each other - Knights want to win wealth and land - Knights want adventure

  6. Christians win Jerusalem. Christians massacre Muslims and Jews in the area.

  7. Second Crusade Christians lose Jerusalem to Muslims. - Muslim military leader SALADIN Third Crusade Christians fail to regain Jerusalem Saladin allows Christians to visit Jerusalem.

  8. Fourth Crusade • Crusaders sack Constantinople – looting and pillaging • Meanwhile, Muslims take over Jerusalem and massacre the Christians

  9. IMPACT OF CRUSADES • Hatred between Catholics, Muslims and Orthodox Christians • Trade increases and expands (Europeans love Middle Eastern products) • Serfdom slowly disappears ($ is key!) • Monarchs more powerful • Pope’s power is high at first, but loses quickly

  10. RECONQUISTA • Spain’s attempt to “reconquer” Spain for the Catholics • Ferdinand and Isabella rule Spain • Huge supporters of Catholic Church • INQUISTION – church court that accuses people of heresy • JEWS and MUSLIMS left Spain, converted or were killed. • 150,000 people left Spain – ruins economy and culture

  11. Section 4 Learning and Culture Flourish

  12. Medieval Universities • Cathedral schools  first universities • Better educated clergy • Women and Universities • Not allowed to attend university • Limits types of jobs and skills acquired • Christine de Pizan – • earned $ through writing  very unusual

  13. “New Learning” • Muslim manuscripts that were translated into Latin are coming to Europe • Philosophy – • Christians believe on faith; Church is final authority • Thomas Aquinas - Summa Theologica = faith and reason live in harmony • Very little scientific advances; all knowledge must fit with Church teaching

  14. Medieval Literature • Vernacular – everyday language of common people (begins to be the way people write) • Epics - long narrative poems • Dante’sDivine Comedy – • Hell, purgatory and heaven • Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales - follows pilgrims to Thomas Becket’s tomb; many characters who tell a story each

  15. Architecture and Art • Romanesque Style • Roman like structure • Long barrel like roof • Thick walls to support heavy roof • No windows • Dark and gloomy

  16. Gothic Style Flying buttresses (stone supports outside church) High walls (carries eye towards heavens) Pointed arches Huge stained glass windows People began to build many – gave inspiration

  17. Art in Stone & Glass • -Carved sculptures portrays scenes from Bible and everyday life • - Rose window (circle stained glass window in front fascade) • -Stained-glass windows • Religious education for the illiterate

  18. Illuminated manuscripts • Gothic style applied to painting and illumination (artistic decoration of books) • Contains designs and paintings of biblical scenes and daily life • - Bold and brilliant colors; detail

  19. Section 5:A Time of Crisis

  20. BLACK DEATH • Bubonic Plague • - disease spread by flees on rats • Hit port cities first • Kills about 1/3 of the people in Europe

  21. Effects of Black Death • Workers die  production decreases • Less products = more demand = higher prices  Inflation – rising prices • People can’t afford to farm or buy products

  22. Upheaval in the Church - 2-3 popes at a time - schism – split in the church • Council at Constance (1417) • Chose one Pope for Rome Heretics John Wycliffe -Bible not Church is the official authority. - Jan Hus (follower) executed

  23. Hundred Years’ War

  24. English longbow French Crossbow

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