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Understanding Amino Acids and Proteins in Biochemistry

Learn about amino acids, the fundamental particles of proteins, and how they are combined to form proteins indirectly. Discover how aminoacyl-tRNA is formed and how amino acids are converted into proteins. Explore protein residues, Fischer projection, and changes in charge with variations in pH levels.

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Understanding Amino Acids and Proteins in Biochemistry

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  1. F 2006 BIOC 3405 09-07-06

  2. Amino Acids • Fundamental particle of proteins • Put together into proteins indirectly • aa + t-RNA + ATP  aminoacyl-tRNA + H2O • aminoacyl-tRNA’s  proteins • “Residues” – amino acid minus H2O

  3. Fischer projection

  4. Change in charge with change in pH pKa charge ~1 charge ~2 pH units pH

  5. In listing start at N terminal (N terminal on the left).

  6. Proteins • Peptide chains with n > ~50 or M > ~5000 • May have multiple chains (multisubunit) • Components chains called oligomers • Identical – protomers • Non identical – “hetero-” e.g., heterodimer.

  7. Avg mass of residue 125 110 108 110 90 90 112 112 105 108 113 110 111

  8. Amino Acid composition • Amino acid analysis • 6M HCl 24 h 40 deg • Changes Asn, Gln to Asp, Glu. Listed as Asx and Glx • Destroys Trp • Base hydrolysis, other procedures for complete resolution

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