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Understanding the Language of DNA: The Process of Translation and Protein Synthesis

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This informative piece explores the language of DNA, which consists of the nucleotides A, T, C, and G. It explains how genetic information is encoded through a three-letter code known as codons, which correspond to specific amino acids. Through the process of translation, mRNA is read by ribosomes, facilitating the assembly of amino acids carried by tRNA into polypeptide chains that ultimately fold into functional proteins. Understanding this process is crucial for comprehending how genetic information influences biological functions.

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Understanding the Language of DNA: The Process of Translation and Protein Synthesis

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Translation • Every living organism is created using the same language – A, T, C, and G.

  2. Translation • For spoken languages we have these.

  3. The language of DNA – A, T, G, and C • If each letter codes for one thing we are limited to 4 traits. • If a pair of letters codes for one thing we get 4x4 = 16 combinations. • If a trio codes for one thing we get 4x4x4 = 64 possibilities.

  4. 3 Letter Code • mRNA is read in a 3 base code. • Each three bases is called a codon. • Codon – 3 base sequence of nucleotides on RNA

  5. What do codon’s code for? • Each 3 base sequence codes for a specific amino acid that has the complimentary base pair attached to tRNA • tRNA – transfer RNA • Each tRNA molecule has an amino acid attached to it. • Anticodon – the three complimentary bases on the tRNA.

  6. Amino Acids • Amino Acids are the “building blocks” that are used to create peptide chains. • There are 20 amino acids that are coded for by mRNA

  7. From peptide to protein • Peptides chains are joined to make polypeptides – which are then folded into proteins.

  8. tRNA molecules carry amino acids

  9. Ribosomes • Ribosomes – the component of cells that makes proteins from the amino acids on tRNA molecules. • Ribosomes are made of rRNA and protein

  10. Translation • Translation is the process of reading the 3 base pair on the mRNA strand and synthesizing protein molecules.

  11. Animation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJxobgkPEAo

  12. Not to be outdone • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Q2Ba2cFAew&feature=related

  13. Translation Practice • DNA – T A C A A C C G C T T T C T A • mRNA – A U G U U G G C G A A A G A U • tRNA - U A C A A C C G C U U U C U A • Amino - Met - Leu - Ala - Phen - Leu

  14. Reading • Reading: “Translating the Message in mRNA” pgs. 528-530. • Continue filling out the graphic organizer. • Tomorrow - Proteins

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