Launching a New Republic

1. Launching a New Republic Chapter 9

2. Chapter 9 : The new NationWashington’s Presidency

3. Reading • Workbook ( Blue book) Page 93 DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNMENT

4. Constitution • Constitution = Plan of government • 3 branches • Congress ( Legislative branch) use plan to organize the new government. • Executive branch • Judicial branch

5. Washington takes OfficeExecutive Branch • 1stPresident • Inaugurated (sworn in as President) • Every action Washington does is setting a precedent (example) that would become the standard

6. Washington leads a new nation • Washington elected unanimously by electoral college to be 1st President • Precedents • Cabinet – advisors (Executive branch) • Judiciary Act – Judicial branch ( federal courts) • Neutrality

7. Executive BranchCabinet • Congress & President created departments to help the President • The_________ appoints the HEAD of the department President’s cabinet • Appointments must be approved by ________ • Helped solve issues and problems • Set an example for future Presidents

8. Executive Branch • 1st President: Washington • Vice-President: John Adams • Cabinet • Secretary of War: Defense of the nation • Henry Knox • Secretary of State: Relations with foreign nations • Thomas Jefferson • Secretary of Treasury: Money & budget • Alexander Hamilton - Attorney General : Edmund Randolph ( legal advice) • Why having a cabinet is important? ( Own words)

9. Cabinet Then… and now! 1789 Now a day 15 departments HW: Visit the website of the executive branch of our national government, www.whitehouse.gov or Wikipedia(Cabinet of the United States) Find a list of the 15 cabinet positions and the functions of each ( department) Explain which department you think is the most necessary or important and why. • 4 departments • Department of State • Department of Treasury • Department of War • Attorney general

10. Judicial BranchSetting up Courts • Setting Up The Courts • The writers – the Constitution had left many matters to be decided by Congress. • Congress made the Federal Judiciary Act of 1789: • Supreme court had 6 members ( 1 chief of Justice + 5 justices) • Provided for less powerful federal courts ( 2 additional to Supreme Court • Federal District Court • Court of Appeals • Named John Jay the Chief Justice Had a Supreme Court, but they needed justices

11. Economic Problems • War debts • U.S. had borrowed millions (Internal & External) • 1789 – National Debt was $52 million! • Secretary of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton needed to come up with a financial plan

12. Reading • Workbook ( Blue book) Page 94 Economics

13. Hamilton’s Financial Plan • 1. Payoff war debts • 2. Raise Government Revenues (taxes) • 3. Create a National Bank

14. 1. Paying off all war debts • Sectionalism ( Sectional differences) • Northern VS Southern states • South most already paid their debts / asked to help pay for Northern states debts • Compromise: South will support plan and will help, but National Capital will be move more South • From NY to Washington DC ( between Virginia & Maryland)

15. 2. Raising government revenues • Secretary of Treasury – In charge of finances • profit through tariffs • Tariffs – Taxes on imported goods • Placed high taxes on foreign goods • Two purposes for taxes • Raise money for gov’t • Encourage growth for the American Industry • Wanted people to buy American goods

16. 3. National Bank • Hamilton wanted a National Bank(Strong National Government) • Safe place to keep money • Give loans to businesses and government • Paper money  Currency for the nation • Thought it was “necessary & proper” to carry out the government duties

17. Reading • Workbook ( Blue book) Page 94 Interpreting the Constitution

18. Opposed the National Bank • James Madison & Thomas Jefferson • Didn’t think we needed a National Bank • Constitution didn’t give power to the government to set up a National Bank

19. Interpreting the Constitution • Different interpretations of the Constitution caused disagreements • Strict Interpretation – Thomas Jefferson & James Madison • Loose Interpretation- Alexander Hamilton • Showed signs of different views and ideas of how country should be ran

20. Strict vs. Loose Strict Construction Only what is written in the Constitution Loose Construction Flexible/ open to interpretation Alexander Hamilton Elastic Clause “Necessary & Proper” Thought the National Bank was Necessary to carry out government duties • Jefferson/ Madison • Constitution did not give the power to set up a National Bank • Government only has powers Constitution CLEARLY says • Didn’t want to give the National government too much power

21. Process Process: Interpreting the ConstitutionStrict vs. LooseFederalists vs. Democratic- Republicans • Strict Interpretation: • Who was for it? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ • What was their interpretation? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Loose Interpretation: • Who was for it? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ • What was their interpretation? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Are you for a strict or loose interpretation of the Constitution? Why? • ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________