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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. 1477-1752. Explorers. Essential Questions. Which European countries explored and attempted to colonize the Southeastern United States?  How did Native American culture change as a result of European exploration?. Day 1. The Amazing Race of Discovery. 1000.

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 1477-1752 Explorers

  2. Essential Questions Which European countries explored and attempted to colonize the Southeastern United States?  How did Native American culture change as a result of European exploration?

  3. Day1

  4. The Amazing Race of Discovery

  5. 1000 1000 Early Viking explorer Leif Ericson arrives in North America.

  6. 1200 1271 Marco Polo travels to China to get spices, jewels, perfumes, and silks. 1295 MarcoPolo returns from China with fascinating tales of the Far East.

  7. 1300 1347 “Black Death,” a plague, kills one third of Europe’s population.

  8. 1400 1400 Small, light Portugese ships called caravels explore the coast of Africa. 1400 Prince Henry builds a school of navigation. His ships find a route around the southern tip of Africa. 1450 Portugese build larger ships called - 1500 Merchant Ships to use for trade. 1488 Bartholomeu Dias wants to find an all- water route to Asia by heading around Africa. He makes it as far as the southern tip of Africa.

  9. 1400 1492 Christopher Columbus completes his first voyage to San Salvador (Salvador means “Holy Savior.”) 1497 John Cabot wanted to find an all-water route to Asia by traveling north and west. 1498 Columbus completes voyages to South America. 1498 Vasco da Gama wanted to find an all- water route to Asia by heading around Africa. 1499 Amerigo Vespucci voyages to the Americas.

  10. 1500 1506 Christopher Columbus dies believing he had discovered an unknown part of Asia. 1507 Geographer Waldseemuller names the continent America after mapmaker Amerigo Vespucci. 1513 Juan Ponce de Leon was looking for gold and the “fountain of youth”. He claimed Florida.

  11. 1500 1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa wanted to find riches a way across America; first European to reach the Pacific Ocean. 1519 Hernando Cortes wanted to conquer the Aztecs for their gold and silver. He conquered the Aztecs, stole their gold and silver, and claimed their land for Spain. 1519 - Ferdinand Magellan wanted to reach 1522 Indies by sailing west. Though he was killed, his crew reached the Indies and sailed around the world.

  12. 1500 1524 Giovanni da Verrazano wanted to find a Northwest Passage to Asia. He explored the coast of North America from what is now the State of North Carolina up to Canada. 1531 Francisco Pizarro wanted to conquer the Incas and take all of their gold and silver. 1534 Jacques Cartierwanted to find a Northwest Passage to Asia. He discovered the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence River and claimed the area of France.

  13. 1500 1539Hernando de Soto explores the Southeast, reaching the Mississippi River. 1540 Francisco de Coronado travels in the Southwest. 1550 England builds a speedy fleet of royal ships called Men-of-War.

  14. 1500 1562Jean Ribault explores Coast of North Florida and Georgia. 1565 Pedro Menendez explores St. Augustine and established Spain’s 1st Successful Settlement. 1577 Sir Francis Drake was the first Englishman to sail around the world.

  15. 1600 1608 Samuel de Champlain called the “Father of New France,” is the first explorer of his day to see the Great Lakes. 1609 Henry Hudson investigates the Hudson River and Canada for England. 1673Father Jacque Marquette and Louis Joliet explore the upper Mississippi.

  16. Day2

  17. 1st European Explorer Leif Ericson – Around 1000 1st European to set foot on North America  Viking Explorer • Sailed from Greenland • Landed along the coast of Canada. • Settled Briefly, but Returned to Greenland

  18. Age of Discovery • For almost 3 centuries, European nations would challenge each other for rights to the Western Hemisphere.

  19. Europeans believed the world consisted of only 3 continents:

  20. Far East • Europeans were really interested in the Far East (a region of Southeastern Asia that included India, China, and Japan).

  21. Source of Goods • Silk • Spices • Tea • Gems

  22. Muslim traders in western Asia, however, controlled the land and sea routes over which these goods were supplied to the west. • The Age of Discovery began because European nations wanted their own direct access to the Far East.

  23. Portugal • Portugal took an early lead in this race. • Explored the western coast of Africa in search of an eastern route to the Indies. • In 1497, Vasco de Gama was the first European to journey to India by sea. 

  24. Spain • Christopher Columbus believed that only ocean separated Europe from the Indies... • King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella financed his great exploration. • Columbus was instructed to discover and conquer any islands or continents he should find on behalf of Spain.

  25. Columbus Sets Sail • Christopher Columbus and his crew set sail aboard the The Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria. • Journey Took 6 Weeks

  26. Columbus discovered San Salvador Island (part of today’s Bahamas) on October 12, 1492.

  27. Convinced that these were part of the Indies, Columbus called the dark-skinned natives – Indians (term Europeans came to apply to all natives in this newly discovered world.)

  28. Disappointed to find no silk, spices, or riches, except for native jewelry. • Returned to Spain with the great news that a westward route had been found.

  29. Columbus later explored the coasts of Central and South America and other Caribbean islands.

  30. Amerigo Vespucci • Italian • Businessman •  Mapmaker

  31. America  Convinced that a new continent had been found  Called the new region a New World named the new land “America.”  Soon other explorers discovered that “America” was not just one continent but two...

  32. Line of Demarcation All lands east of this line could be claimed by Portugal, while land to the west (including Georgia) went to Spain.

  33. England & France Other European nations refused to accept Spain and Portugal’s division of the Americas between themselves.  England and France prepared to make their own explorations.

  34. England In 1497, John Cabot sailed from England to the northeastern coast of North America.

  35. The Race Is On... Spain financed more than 80 voyages to the New World during the 12 years after Columbus’s first voyage.

  36. How much land could an explorer claim and for how long? Any first discovery claims had to be followed by actual occupation  It was not enough to plant a flag on the beach.  To enforce a claim, settlers and soldiers from the explorer’s country must follow and colonize (occupy and control) the land.  Did not require permission from Native Americans.  Felt a moral duty to convert the natives to Christianity.

  37. Spain Comes to the Southeast Convert the Natives Expand Its Empire Discover New Riches

  38. More Than Gold Changed Hands...

  39. Juan Ponce de Leon • In 1513, First explorer to set foot on the soil of what today is the United States (Florida Coast/St. Augustine. • Came in search of • riches, adventure, and • a legendary fountain of • youth

  40. Lucas Vazquez de Allyon • A young Spanish lawyer • Owner of a sugar cane plantation • that was worked by Indian slaves •  Many of the slaves died from disease • Began looking to the north for more • Indians to enslave • Arrived in present-day South • Carolina and then sailed southward •  Established a new settlement of men, women, children, and Africans called San Miguel de Gualdape •  However, cold weather and Allyon’s death followed. •  Soon, San Miguel de Gualdape was abandoned.

  41. Hernando de Soto Mission: Search for Gold & Conquer Hostile Indians

  42. In return, he would be given a title, land, and a portion of the colony’s profits.

  43. In 1540, Spanish explorer Hernando De Soto, with hundreds of men, marched north from Tampa, Florida into southwest Georgia (near today’s Albany).

  44. The Mississippians • On this journey, the Spanish encountered the Indian chiefdoms of the Mississippian period.

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