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The Market Revolution and Urban Life: Pros and Cons of 19th Century Northern Cities

The Market Revolution (1815-1840) transformed American society and economy, leading to rapid urbanization and the rise of large northern industrial cities. This era witnessed population growth and increased demand for diverse goods. The emergence of entrepreneurs and factories shaped a capitalist economy, while also creating challenges such as low wages and poor working conditions for laborers. The southern economy focused on labor-intensive crops like cotton, leading to a stark contrast between the industrialized north and agrarian south. Explore the implications of this shift on urban life.

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The Market Revolution and Urban Life: Pros and Cons of 19th Century Northern Cities

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  1. Journal List the pros and cons of living in a large city. What do you think it would be like to live in a large northern industrial city in the 1800’s. Explain

  2. The Market Revolution (1815-1814) Chapter 8

  3. Market Revolutionsection 1 • Country changes early 1800’s • Population grows • Demand for more as well as diverse goods • Cash and credit!

  4. Samuel Slater • Arrived in disguise in America late 1700’s • Build first textile mill Providence, RI in 1790 • Became wealthy building mills northeast

  5. A New Type of worker • The entrepreneur • Good economy early 1800’s-more business owners • Capitalism • Risk taking and free enterprise encouraged • Capital • Supply of money and goods

  6. Household economy • Households self-sufficient 1600 and 1700’s • Produced all goods needed in house • Sold or traded surplus • Work only for household • Households begin to produce less at home; buy more • Workshops and factories become common

  7. Banks & buying • 1780’s -1790’s growth • Credit and cash for investing • Started by private investors • Help develop American economy • Americans buy more goods • Middle class become more “affluent” • Capitalism not embraced by all

  8. Section 2 The Northern Section

  9. The divided north • Northeast • New England, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania • Old Northwest • Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota

  10. northwest • Farms • Small towns • Crops • Exported/marketed majority of products for consumption

  11. northeast • Farms • Factories • Textile mills • Waltham and Lowell, MA • Young, unmarried females employed Lowell Textile Mills

  12. Continued……. • Young people move to cities • Populations explode • Men and women work outside of home • Poverty on the rise • Cities unable to support population growth

  13. Owners vs. workers Workers Capitalists • Take risks • Provided factories • Paid workers • Downside-wages low and conditions sometimes bad; employees could be replaced • Not so satisfied outside the home • Looked for solutions to poor working conditions and low wages • Strikes become common

  14. Section 3 The Southern Section

  15. Cotton is king! • Tobacco and cotton major crops in South • Labor intensive • Easier to transport (export) (1860 cotton 2/3rds of the total value of American exports)

  16. Southern Economy • Crops that were transported elsewhere • No major factories or industries • Farms and large plantations where cotton was grown • Large cities, but less than the North • Large population of African Americans

  17. slavery • Cotton, tobacco, sugar labor intensive • Enslaved African Americans provided cheap labor • Very few whites in the south owned slaves Crash Course - Slavery

  18. resistance • Denmark Vesey • Gullah Jack • Gabriel Prosser • Nat Turner

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