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Chlorine Disinfection of Drinking Water

Chlorine Disinfection of Drinking Water. California Unified Program 8 th Annual Training Conference February 8, 2006 Presented by: Paul G. Beswick Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Environmental Support Services (213) 217-5533 pbeswick@mwdh2o.com.

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Chlorine Disinfection of Drinking Water

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  1. Chlorine Disinfection ofDrinking Water California Unified Program 8th Annual Training Conference February 8, 2006 Presented by: Paul G. Beswick Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Environmental Support Services (213) 217-5533 pbeswick@mwdh2o.com

  2. Typical Water Treatment Plant FLASH MIX COAGULATION / FLOCCULATION SEDIMENTATION Mixes chemicals with raw water containing fine particles that will not readily settle or filter out of the water. Cl2 Gathers together fine light particles to form larger particles (floc) to aid the sedimentation and filtration processes. Settles out larger suspended particles. Cl2 PRE-CHLORINATION Kills disease causing organisms and helps control taste-and-odor causing substances. CHLORAMINES Kills disease causing organisms. Provides disinfectant residual for the distribution system. CORROSION CONTROL Cl2 NH3 Cl2 NaOH Adjusts the pH of the treated water to inhibit corrosion of pipelines. FILTRATION Filters out remaining suspended particles CLEARWELL TO DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Provides contact time for disinfection. Stores water for high demand. DAF 9-20-00

  3. The Chlorine Disinfection Process • Public Health benefits of chlorination • Process flow • Process components

  4. Chlorination Public Health Benefit • A critical role protecting US drinking water supply from waterborne infectious diseases for over 90 years • Cholera, typhoid, dysentery, hepatitis A virtually eliminated • In over 98% of disinfection systems • Germicidal potency, residual disinfection properties, efficiency, economy

  5. Chlorination Public Health Benefit

  6. All Uses of Chlorine

  7. The Chlorination Process

  8. Chlorine Rail Car Unloading 90 Ton rail cars

  9. Chlorine Trailer Unloading 17/19 Ton Trailers

  10. Stationary Chlorine Tank 25 ton stationary tank

  11. Chlorine Cylinder Storage 1 ton cylinders

  12. Chlorine Evaporators

  13. Chlorinators

  14. Ejectors

  15. Treatment Chemical Storage

  16. Chlorine System Safety - What we are doing • 24 hour monitoring and access control • Detailed operating procedures • Highly trained staff • Leak sensors and alarms • Automatic supply shut-off valves • Chlorine containment and neutralization • On-site emergency response capability + strong relationship with fire dept responders

  17. Control Room • Operator on duty 24 hours a day. • Chlorine alarms are received in the Control Room. • Chlorine facilities are visually inspected twice a shift.

  18. Chlorine Trailer Manway • Remote emergency shut-off capability • Highly sensitive chlorine gas detector

  19. Multiple Emergency Shut-off Locations • Controlled from several strategic locations • Shut-off is immediate

  20. Monel Flex Hose Connection • Durable/flexible connection • Inspected/replaced regularly

  21. Chlorine Gas Monitoring • Continuous monitoring, alarms locally and in Control Room • Sensors strategically placed throughout plant • Calibrated regularly

  22. Chlorine leak alarms • Audio/Visual chlorine gas leak alarms - immediate notification to all plant personnel.

  23. Vacuum Operation • Chlorine piped to points of use throughout plant under vacuum • Safest method of transmission

  24. New chlorine containment facilities

  25. Chlorine Cargo Trailers Inside Containment Chlorine Storage Bay

  26. Caustic Neutralization System Two 3.5-Ton Chlorine Scrubbers

  27. Chlorine Rail Car Containment

  28. Chlorine Rail Car Containment

  29. Chlorine Rail Car Scrubbers

  30. Good Relations With Fire Dept. Responders

  31. LAFD Visits Jensen Plant

  32. LAFD Visits Jensen Plant

  33. Where Is The Real Chlorine Release Threat?!

  34. Rural Bexar County, Texas June 28, 20043 dead, 50 hospitalized

  35. Graniteville, South CarolinaJanuary 6, 20059 killed, 554 hospitalized, ~5,400 evacuated

  36. Graniteville, South CarolinaJanuary 6, 20059 killed, 554 hospitalized, ~5,400 evacuated

  37. Graniteville, South CarolinaJanuary 6, 20059 killed, 554 hospitalized, ~5,400 evacuated

  38. Graniteville, South CarolinaJanuary 6, 20059 killed, 554 hospitalized, ~5,400 evacuated

  39. Where Is The Real Chlorine Release Threat?! • Two train wrecks in 6 months • resulted in significant chlorine releases • 12 dead • over 600 taken to hospital • over 5,000 evacuated.

  40. Chlorine Rail Transportation Issues • Rail freight cost cutting, lack of re-investment, explosive growth, stretched resources • Security • In transit • Storage while in transit • Identifying hazmat derailment • Warning local first responders • Mobilizing specialist response team

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