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Solar Disinfection of Drinking Water

Solar Disinfection of Drinking Water. Safe Drinking Water for Developing Nations and Anywhere in an Emergency. SODIS: SOlar DISinfection. Photo credit: Eawag. SODIS. Developed by Prof. Aftim Acra at American University of Beirut

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Solar Disinfection of Drinking Water

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  1. Solar Disinfection of Drinking Water Safe Drinking Water for Developing Nations and Anywhere in an Emergency

  2. SODIS: SOlarDISinfection Photo credit: Eawag

  3. SODIS • Developed by Prof. AftimAcra at American University of Beirut • Further refined and promoted by Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology (EAWAG) • See: www.sodis.ch • And numerous others since Photo credit: sodis.ch

  4. SODIS Methodology • Use clear, colorless PET, <2 Liters • Aerate water by shaking, for best results • Turbidity <30 NTU; otherwise filter first

  5. Mechanisms of Disinfection • UV-A (320-400 nm) interferes with DNA/RNA replication, cell metabolism, structure • Also generates free radicals and peroxides that attack biological materials • IR light heats the water, speeds reactions. At 50 C, disinfection is 3X faster • Hence corrugated metal roof, or black-painted board can be useful.

  6. Health Advantages • Kills most of the most dangerous waterborne pathogens. • Does not eliminate other vectors of disease (e.g., other fecal-oral pathways) • Overall, using communities experience 30-80% reduction in diarrhea

  7. Health Disadvantages? • Toxic plastic leachate? • PET contains NO bisphenyl A (BPA) • Adipates and phthalates: Tests show after 17 h at 60 C, levels far below WHO guidelines, and about same as high-quality tapwater • Antimony (Sb) is released in tiny amounts but far below WHO guidelines

  8. Current Application • 33 countries including: Bhutan, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, DR Congo, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Laos, Malawi, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Perú, Philippines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Togo, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

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