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Protein synthesis

This overview delves into the intricacies of protein synthesis, covering the unique bases in tRNA and the 'wobble' hypothesis, which allows flexibility in codon-anticodon pairing. Explore the functional domains of ribosomes, the four main stages of translation (charging of tRNA, initiation, elongation, termination), with a focus on prokaryotic processes. Additionally, learn about post-translational modifications like acetylation and phosphorylation that influence protein stability and lifespan, as well as degradation mechanisms involving ubiquitin.

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Protein synthesis

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Protein synthesis

  2. Unusual bases in tRNA

  3. “Wobble” hypothesis

  4. Functional domains of a ribosome

  5. Charging of tRNA/Aminoacylation

  6. Translation - 4 main steps Charging of tRNA Initiation Elongation (3 steps) Termination

  7. Initiation in Prokaryotes

  8. Elongation in Prokaryotes

  9. Elongation in Prokaryotes

  10. Termination in Prokaryotes

  11. Proofreading on the ribosome The GTPase activity of EF-Tu . Polyribosomes(or polysomes)

  12. Initiation of translation in eukaryotes First step

  13. 2nd step

  14. 3rd step

  15. POST TRANSLATIONAL CHANGES Dealing with N terminal residue Modification of individual amino acids Acetylation Phosphorylation

  16. Proteins have variable life-spans

  17. Life-span factors • Natural stability ("genetically encoded") • an inherent biophysical characteristic • Change in environment • temperature • pH • Active degradation • specific mechanism • location • partners

  18. Terminology • Half-life - • Turnover - • Stability - • Denaturation - • Degradation -

  19. Ubiquitin mediates degradation for many but not all proteins

  20. Sticky ends

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