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Ancient Greece

This section explores Alexander the Great's military campaigns, his strategic innovations inherited from his father, Philip, and the lasting impact of his empire. It details Philip's goals to unify and liberate Greek city-states, which set the stage for Alexander's achievements, including key victories at Granicus, Issus, and Gaugamela. The policies of despotism and local governance implemented by Alexander contributed to the spread of Greek culture and the foundation of Hellenistic civilization. The analysis also covers the eventual fragmentation of Alexander’s empire and its historical legacy.

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Ancient Greece

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  1. 1750 B.C. – 133 B.C. Section 5: Alexander the Great Cory may Ancient Greece

  2. Alexander’s Empire

  3. Philip’s Empire (359-336 B.C.)

  4. Philip’s Empire (359-336 B.C.) • Two Goals for Greece: • Unify & Bring Peace to Greece • Liberate Greek city-states in Persia • Realized the Army was Important • Small, Professional Force • Used the Phalanx • How/Why might Philip’s success lead to success for Alexander?

  5. The Macedonian Phalanx

  6. The Reign of Alexander

  7. The Reign of Alexander • Military Campaigns • 334 – Defeat Persians at Granicus – 1st major win • 333 – Victory at Issus • Conquers Egypt • 331 – Defeats Darius III at Gaugamela • Campaigns into North/Central Asia • Campaigns in India – troops mutiny • 323 – Alexander dies @ Babylon (33)

  8. The Reign of Alexander • Policies • Policy of Despotism • Ruled w/a Velvet Glove • Ruled through local structures, respected religions • Why might this policy help Alexander? • Could be ruthless – Thebes & Tyre • Do you see any similarities between Alexander and his father, Philip?

  9. The Empire Breaks

  10. The Empire Breaks • Egypt – Ptolemy rules w/ Macedonian & Greek elites until Roman conquest • Seleucid Empire – centered on Babylon • Iran, Syria, Afghanistan, Anatolia • Fragments by 200 B.C. – centered around Syria

  11. The Legacy of Alexander’s Empire • Spread Greek language & culture • Building of roads, canals, & cities • Alexandria • Facilitation of Trade in all directions • A Hellenistic Ecumene • A Division: Urban v. Rural

  12. Empire Building: What Difference Does it Make? • Empires • Mesopotamians & Greeks – City-States • Egyptians & Persians – Consolidated Nations • Macedonians – Exploitations w/ Skilled Father & Son • Traits - What traits/qualities/goods did these empires bring to the table? • Limitations • Aristotle – “To the Size of States there is a Limit.”

  13. Questions to Answer • What were Philip’s two main goals when he set out to conquer Greece & the rest of the Balkans? How did he achieve these goals (or did he)? • How did Alexander accomplish his father’s goals? How did he expand from/off of them? • What is the lasting impact of Empires (Greece, Macedonia, Egypt, Persia, Mesopotamia)?

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