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What were the Impacts of Nationalist Movements of 20 th Century in the Middle East?. Global History & Geography Br. Siraj | 5 January 2020. Turkish Nationalism. Young Turks ’ Movement started during the late 1800s European powers called Ottoman Empire as “ Sick Man of Europe ”
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What were the Impacts of Nationalist Movements of 20th Century in the Middle East? Global History & Geography Br. Siraj | 5 January 2020
Turkish Nationalism • Young Turks’ Movement started during the late 1800s • European powers called Ottoman Empire as “Sick Man of Europe” • Ottoman Defeat in World War I caused western powers to occupy many areas in turkey. • Mustafa Kemal led the nationalist movement.
Turkish Nationalism • He overthrow the Sultan, defeated the occupation forces and declared Turkey a republic. • He assumed the title Ataturk and instituted reform.
Kemalist Reforms • Islamic Law was replaced with European style law code. • Islamic Calendar was replaced with Gregorian calendar. • People were required to wear western dress. • Muslim Women were not to wear head cover. • Turkish language was to be written with Latin alphabet instead of Arabic.
Iranian Nationalism • In 1925 Reza Khan overthrew the Shah of Iran. • He later assumed the title of Shah and established a dynasty called the Pahlavi Dynasty – Reza Shah Pahlavi • He tried to modernize and industrialize Iran. • He was not very successful in social reform. • He did establish western educational system.
Arab Nationalism • Pan Arabism grew during the 1920s. • This was started during world war I. • The allied power occupied Arab Countries as mandates of the League of Nations after World War – I. • Europeans Created the borders of the Middle Eastern State. • Lord Balfour later declared the division of palestine into an Arab State and a Jewish State.
Other Nationalist Movements • Zionism: • Jewish Nationalist movement of 1890s led by Theodre Herzl to create a national homeland for the Jewish People. • They became successful with the establishment of Israel. • Indian Nationalism • Indian National Congress in 1885 to demand equal rights for Natives • All India Muslim League in 1905 to Protect Muslim rights in India
Homework Questions: 1, 2, 5 and 7 on page 785